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. 2023 Oct 13;14:6468. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42189-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Schematic of the structural organization of different LNP variants encapsulating mRNA cargo. B Lipid composition of LNP variants highlighting the PEG modification. DSPE-PEG2k-M stands for PEG containing different functional groups. C Hydrodynamic size (⦿) and polydispersity index (PDI, ▼) of Cre mRNA loaded LNP variants determined by DLS. D Cre mRNA encapsulation efficiency of LNP variants. E Surface charge of Cre mRNA loaded LNP variants determined by zeta sizer. Statistical comparison of surface charge of LNP variants were compared with unmodified LNP group. F–I Representative cryo-TEM images of LNP variants (Scale bar: 20 nm). All Data are presented as Mean ± SD. An ordinary one-way ANOVA, with Tukey’s correction was used for comparison with unmodified LNP. ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001 (n = 3 LNPs/group). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.