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. 2023 Sep 29;7:e49898. doi: 10.2196/49898

Table 4.

Mean area under the curve, balanced accuracy, and F1-score of models trained on single and multiple features. Each individual feature was trained to evaluate its efficacy, shown in the first 28 content rows. An extra tree classifier was used to rank features by importance. The 6 most important features were used to train a final random forest model, shown in the last row.

Features used Mean area under the curve (SD) Mean balanced accuracy (SD) Mean F1-score (SD)
Models trained on single features

Mean vertical deviation of tracing a straight line 0.6722 (0.232) 0.5 (0) 0.6722 (0)

Maximum vertical deviation of tracing a straight line 0.6611 (0.257) 0.5 (0) 0.6611 (0)

Net vertical deviation of tracing a straight line 0.6222 (0.1931) 0.55 (0.099) 0.6222 (0.2667)

Total of the absolute values of vertical deviations of tracing a straight line 0.6138 (0.2328) 0.55 (0.099) 0.6138 (0.2667)

Mean of the absolute values of vertical deviations of tracing a straight line 0.5861 (0.2057) 0.5 (0) 0.5861 (0)

Amount of time taken for tracing straight line 0.6528 (0.1960) 0.6417 (0.2102) 0.6528 (0.3742)

Amount of time taken for tracing straight line with respect to window width 0.7167 (0.1633) 0.5 (0) 0.7167 (0)

Percentage of points traced in indicated width of a straight line 0.4056 (0.1196) 0.5 (0) 0.4056 (0)

Number of points traced inside the expected width of a straight line (with no regard to time taken) 0.6319 (0.2393) 0.5667 (0.1307) 0.6319 (0.2696)

Time taken to trace sine wave 0.7667 (0.1412) 0.65 (0.2118) 0.7667 (0.3277)

Time taken to trace sine wave with respect to device window width 0.7472 (0.1753) 0.5 (0) 0.7473 (0)

Percentage of traced points inside indicated sine curve 0.6444 (0.2516) 0.5 (0) 0.6444 (0)

Number of points traced inside indicated sine curve with no regard to time taken 0.7 (0.2273) 0.6 (0.1409) 0.7 (0.2455)

Time taken to trace a spiral 0.6986 (0.1586) 0.7583 (0.1633) 0.6986 (0.3363)

Time taken to trace spiral with respect to device window width 0.7389 (0.2247) 0.5 (0) 0.7389 (0)

Percentage of points traced inside the width of the indicated spiral 0.4181 (0.1816) 0.5 (0) 0.4181 (0)

Number of points traced inside the width of the indicated spiral with no regard to time taken 0.7236 (0.1646) 0.6833 (0.1137) 0.7236 (0.2800)

Total false key presses with single prompted key 0.5417 (0.0645) 0.5083 (0.0167) 0.5417 (0.16)

Total false key presses with prompt key randomly chosen from 2 options 0.6 (0.2273) 0.6 (0.1225) 0.6 (0.2494)

Total false key presses with prompt randomly chosen 0.2819 (0.1883) 0.375 (0.1581) 0.2819 (0)

Total false key presses from all trials 0.6347 (0.2450) 0.575 (0.2048) 0.6347 (0.3309)

Average response time when same key prompted 0.6194 (0.2208) 0.675 (0.1302) 0.6194 (0.2847)

Average response time when semirandom (randomly chosen from 2 options) key prompted 0.6889 (0.2931) 0.5417 (0.1863) 0.6889 (0.1543)

Average response time when random key prompted 0.6278 (0.2288) 0.725 (0.2) 0.6278 (0.2398)

Number of correctly pressed keys (when prompted with same key) with respect to the average time taken 0.6445 (0.253) 0.5 (0) 0.6445 (0)

Number of correctly pressed keys (with semirandom prompt) with respect to the average time taken 0.6833 (0.3313) 0.5 (0) 0.6833 (0)

Number of correctly pressed keys when prompted with a random key 0.6333 (0.1944) 0.6333 (0.1944) 0.6333 (0.3997)

Number of correctly pressed keys (when prompted with a random key) with respect to the average time taken 0.6944 (0.2641) 0.5 (0) 0.6944 (0)
Model trained with 6 most important features

Mean deviation from centerline when tracing straight line; amount of time taken to trace sine wave with respect to window width; amount of time taken to trace spiral; average false presses from 3 keyboard tapping trials; total response time taken when tapping constant (unchanging) key; number of correct keys with respect to average response time when prompted with random letter. 0.7311 (0.1663) 0.7429 (0.1400) 0.7311 (0.1663)