Table 4.

Descriptive statistics of the diabetes distress scale

Subscales	Item	Range of score	Cronbach’s alpha coefficients	McDonald’s omega coefficients	Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC)	95% Confidence Interval		P-value
						Lower Bound	Upper Bound
Total diabetes distress scale	29	29–145	0.950	0.955	0.903	0.779	0.958	< 0.001
Core level of distress	8	8–40	0.914	0.917	0.893	0.755	0.953	< 0.001
All sources of distress (7 factors and 21 items)	21	21–105	0.920	0.928	0.884	0.731	0.950	< 0.001
Sources of distress
Hypoglycemia	3	3–15	0.938	0.949	0.847	0.648	0.934	< 0.001
Long-term Health	3	3–15	0.854	0.855	0.830	0.603	0.927	< 0.001
Healthcare Provider	3	3–15	0.673	0.745	0.767	0.467	0.898	< 0.001
Interpersonal Issues	3	3–15	0.790	0.793	0.905	0.782	0.959	< 0.001
Shame/Stigma	3	3–15	0.906	0.910	0.778	0.482	0.905	< 0.001
Healthcare Access	3	3–15	0.852	0.864	0.572	0.014	0.817	< 0.001
Management Demands	3	3–15	0.836	0.865	0.833	0.614	0.928	< 0.001