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. 2023 Oct 13;21:719. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04585-7

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — SUMOylation promotes the nuclear translocation of vimentin in PDCs. A Western blot analysis of SUMOylated vimentin-related total cell protein levels (PIAS1, SUMO1, and SUMO2/3). B Western blot analysis of SUMOylated vimentin-related cytoplasmic protein levels (PIAS1, SUMO1, and SUMO2/3). C Western blot analysis of SUMOylated vimentin-related nuclear protein levels (PIAS1, SUMO1, and SUMO2/3). D Results of vimentin coimmunoprecipitation in Hct116 control cells and Hct116 PDCs (anti-vimentin antibody was used for immunoprecipitation). E Results of vimentin co-immunoprecipitation in LoVo control cells and LoVo PDCs (an anti-vimentin antibody was used for immunoprecipitation). F Total expression of SUMO1 and vimentin in Hct116 PDCs after transfection with three siRNA-SUMO1 sequences (307, 358, and 727). G Total expression of SUMO1 and vimentin in LoVo PDCs after transfection with three siRNA-SUMO1 sequences (307, 358, and 727). SUMO small ubiquitin-like modification, PDCs polyploid giant cancer cells with daughter cells