Table 4.
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and dentine caries experience (DMFT)
| ACEa | MAIN ANALYSIS | SUBGROUP ANALYSIS | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | IRRb (95% CI) | 13–15 yrs IRRb (95% CI) |
16–17 yrs IRRb (95% CI) |
Pinteraction | |
| Physical abuse, close | 5790 | 1.14 (0.97–1.35) | 1.03 (0.80–1.33) | 1.22 (0.99–1.51) | 0.323 |
| Physical abuse, others | 5791 | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 1.13 (0.90–1.42) | 1.11 (0.91–1.36) | 0.970 |
| Witness to violence | 5785 | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 1.15 (1.01–1.30) | 0.128 |
| Sexual abuse, peer | 5777 | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) | 1.03 (0.81–1.30) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 0.758 |
| Sexual abuse, adult | 5764 | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 1.05 (0.75–1.47) | 1.29 (1.00-1.67) | 0.418 |
| Parental separation/divorce | 5912 | 1.27 (1.10–1.48) | 1.15 (0.92–1.43) | 1.46 (1.19–1.80) | 0.885 |
| Parental alcohol abuse | 5861 | 1.32 (1.11–1.56) | 1.21 (0.89–1.63) | 1.37 (1.12–1.68) | 0.436 |
| Bully victimization | 5707 | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 0.94 (0.82–1.07) | 1.30 (1.14–1.50) | < 0.001 |
| Per ACE increase | 5564 | 1.06 (1.02–1.09) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | 0.026 |
ACE: Adverse childhood experience; N: Number of participants; IRR: Incident rate ratio; CI: Confidence interval
aThe reference for each specific ACE was no history of exposure to the given ACE
bAdjusted for age (continuous), sex (male/female), Nordic birth country parents, family economy, parental employment status, and living arrangements