Table 5.
Associations between adverse childhood experiences and enamel caries
| ACEa | N | MAIN ANALYSIS | SUBGROUP ANALYSIS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRRb (95% CI) | 13–15 yrs IRRb (95% CI) |
16–17 yrs IRRb (95% CI) |
Pinteraction | ||
| Physical abuse, close | 5790 | 1.17 (0.99–1.38) | 1.09 (0.85–1.41) | 1.24 (1.00-1.53) | 0.773 |
| Physical abuse, others | 5791 | 1.19 (1.03–1.38) | 1.21 (0.96–1.51) | 1.19 (0.98–1.44) | 0.762 |
| Witness to violence | 5785 | 1.14 (1.03–1.26) | 1.13 (0.98–1.32) | 1.14 (1.00-1.29) | 0.889 |
| Sexual abuse, peer | 5777 | 1.08 (0.93–1.24) | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19) | 0.083 |
| Sexual abuse, adult | 5764 | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 1.09 (0.78–1.54) | 1.09 (0.84–1.42) | 0.657 |
| Parental separation/divorce | 5912 | 1.25 (1.08–1.45) | 1.26 (1.02–1.55) | 1.26 (1.03–1.55) | 0.371 |
| Parental alcohol abuse | 5861 | 1.26 (1.06–1.50) | 1.33 (0.99–1.80) | 1.21 (0.99–1.49) | 0.510 |
| Bully victimization | 5707 | 1.12 (1.02–1.23) | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 1.22 (1.06–1.40) | 0.128 |
| Per ACE increase | 5564 | 1.07 (1.03–1.11) | 1.06 (1.01–1.12) | 1.08 (1.03–1.13) | 0.693 |
ACE: Adverse childhood experience; N: Number of participants; IRR: Incident rate ratio; CI: Confidence interval
aThe reference for each specific ACE was no history of exposure to the given ACE
bAdjusted for age (continuous), sex (male/female), Nordic birth country parents, family economy, parental employment status and living arrangements