Table 1.
Participants’ characteristics by food and environmental allergy presence, NHANES 2005-2006a
| Characteristic | All participants (n=2,211) |
Sensitization to food allergens | Sensitization to environmental allergens | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=411) | No (n=1,800) | P value | Yes (n=1,016) | No (n=1,195) | P value | ||
| Age, y | 39.5 (0.9) | 37.2 (1.1) | 39.9 (1.2) | .10 | 37.9 (0.9) | 40.7 (1.3) | .04 |
| Male sex, % | 49 (0.02) | 60.7 (0.03) | 46.7 (0.02) | .003 | 57.0 (0.02) | 42.7 (0.02) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | <.001 | .01 | |||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 71.1 (0.03) | 61.7 (0.04) | 72.8 (0.03) | 67.2 (0.04) | 74.0 (0.03) | ||
| Non-Hispanic black | 11.6 (0.2) | 20.0 (0.03) | 10.1 (0.02) | 14.9 (0.03) | 9.2 (0.02) | ||
| Mexican American | 8.9 (0.01) | 8.9 (0.02) | 8.9 (0.01) | 8.8 (0.01) | 9.0 (0.01) | ||
| Other | 8.4 (0.01) | 9.4 (0.02) | 8.2 (0.01) | 9.1 (0.02) | 7.8 (0.01) | ||
| Low SES,b % | 12.8 (0.01) | 14.0 (0.01) | 12.5 (0.01) | .40 | 13.6 (0.01) | 12.1 (0.01) | .30 |
| Presence of dichlorophenol metabolites in urine, %c | <.001 | .047 | |||||
| Low dichlorophenols (<75th percentile) | 79.6 (0.02) | 69.5 (0.03) | 81.4 (0.02) | 77.4 (0.02) | 81.2 (0.02) | ||
| One high dichlorophenol (≥75th percentile) | 9.0 (0.007) | 12.8 (0.02) | 8.3 (0.007) | 10.6 (0.01) | 7.8 (0.007) | ||
| Two high dichlorophenols (≥75th percentile) | 11.4 (0.01) | 17.7 (0.02) | 10.3 (0.01) | 12.0 (0.01) | 11.0 (0.02) | ||
| Vitamin D, % | <.005 | <.04 | |||||
| <15 ng/mL | 15.0 (0.02) | 21.0 (0.03) | 13.9 (0.01) | 16.5 (0.02) | 14.0 (0.01) | ||
| 15-29 ng/mL | 61.5 (0.01) | 60.9 (0.03) | 61.6 (0.01) | 63.7 (0.02) | 59.8 (0.02) | ||
| ≥30 ng/mL | 23.5 (0.02) | 18.1 (0.02) | 24.5 (0.02) | 19.8 (0.02) | 26.2 (0.02) | ||
| Asthma, %d | 13.2 (0.01) | 20.7 (0.03) | 11.8 (0.01) | .004 | 18.5 (0.01) | 9.2 (0.01) | <.001 |
| Allergies, %d | 32.7 (0.01) | 42.0 (0.04) | 31.1 (0.01) | .01 | 42.9 (0.03) | 25.2 (0.01) | <.001 |
| Hay fever, %d | 11.0 (0.01) | 19.3 (0.02) | 9.6 (0.01) | .002 | 18.0 (0.01) | 6.0 (0.01) | <.001 |
| Use products at home to control insects, %e | 9.3 (0.01) | 6.0 (0.02) | 10.0 (0.01) | .03 | 8.7 (0.02) | 10.0 (0.01) | .50 |
| Use products in garden to control weeds, %e | 8.0 (0.01) | 7.3 (0.02) | 8.9 (0.02) | .60 | 8.1 (0.01) | 9.2 (0.01) | .50 |
| Residence, % | .03 | .07 | |||||
| Urbanf | 50.3 (0.08) | 55.1 (0.07) | 48.3 (0.07) | 52.6 (0.07) | 47.0 (0.07) | ||
| Ruralg | 49.7 (0.08) | 44.9 (0.07) | 51.7 (0.07) | 47.4 (0.07) | 53.0 (0.07) | ||
Abbreviations: NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SES, socioeconomic status.
All estimates are weighted to the sampling weights. All data is presented as mean (SE).
Percentage of participants with a poverty-income ratio of less than 1.0.
Presence of dichlorophenol metabolites in urine was defined as levels equal to or above the 75th percentile value.
Self-reported allergies, asthma, and hay fever as having been told by a physician.
Self-reported use of pesticides in the past 7 days in the home to control insects or on the lawn or garden to control weeds.
Densely settled core and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory (with a density of at least 500 people per square mile) that together have a minimum of 2,500 people.
All population located outside the urban residence.