Table 2.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors independently associated with allergiesa
| Characteristic | Sensitization to food allergens (n=2,211) |
Sensitization to environmental allergens (n=2,211) |
Sensitization to food and environmental allergens (n=1,500) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Age (in 5-year increments) | 0.96 (0.92-1.0) | .10 | 0.96 (0.93-0.99) | .02 | 0.95 (0.91-0.99) | .01 |
| Male sex | 1.8 (1.2-2.7) | .006 | 1.8 (1.4-2.4) | <.001 | 2.6 (1.6-4.5) | .001 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Non-Hispanic black | 1.8 (1.2-2.6) | .007 | 1.7 (1.2-2.5) | .01 | 2.1 (1.2-3.4) | .008 |
| Mexican American | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | .89 | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) | .99 | 1.0 (0.6-1.7) | .99 |
| Other | 1.3 (0.9-2.3) | .20 | 1.3 (0.8-2.2) | .30 | 1.4 (0.7-2.9) | .30 |
| Presence of dichlorophenol metabolites in urineb | ||||||
| Low dichlorphenols (<75th percentile) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| One high dichlorophenol (≥75th percentile) | 1.5 (0.9-2.4) | .09 | 1.1 (0.8-1.7) | .50 | 1.6 (0.9-2.8) | .08 |
| Two high dichlorophenols (≥75th percentile) | 1.8 (1.2-2.5) | .003 | 0.96 (0.8-1.2) | .70 | 1.61 (1.2-2.2) | .005 |
| Vitamin D | ||||||
| <15 ng/mL | 1.7 (1.05-2.6) | .03 | 1.4 (0.99-2.1) | .05 | 1.9 (1.1-3.2) | .02 |
| 15 to 29 ng/mL | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | .20 | 1.3 (1.1-1.7) | .02 | 1.2 (0.8-1.8) | .30 |
| ≥30 ng/mL | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||
| Asthmac | 1.6 (1.02-2.5) | .04 | 1.7 (1.1-2.7) | .01 | 1.9 (0.95-3.7) | .07 |
| Hay feverc | 2.5 (1.6-3.8) | .001 | 3.7 (2.5-5.6) | <.001 | 4.9 (2.9-8.1) | <.001 |
| Use products at home to control insectsd | 0.5 (0.3-0.9) | .02 | 0.8 (0.4-1.5) | .50 | 0.5 (0.2-1.1) | .08 |
| Reside in rural arease | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | .40 | 0.9 (0.7-1.1) | .40 | 0.8 (0.6-1.2) | .20 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
a
All estimates are weighted to the sampling weights. All models were adjusted for urinary creatinine that was added to the models as a separate independent variable.
b
Presence of dichlorophenol metabolites in urine was defined as levels equal to or above the 75th percentile value.
c
Self-reported asthma and hay fever as having been told by a physician.
d
Self-reported use of pesticides in the past 7 days in the home to control insects.
e
Compared with the residents of urban areas.