Table 2.
Prevalence of profound and non–profound autism among children aged 8 years, by sex, race and ethnicity, and site (N = 4895), ADDM Network, 10 sites, United States, 2016 a
| Characteristic | Profound autism | Non–profound autism | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence b (95% CI) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | Prevalence b (95% CI) | Prevalence ratio (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 4.59 (4.31-4.85) | 14.26 (13.80-14.72) | ||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 1.88 (1.62-2.13) | 1 [Reference] | 5.12 (4.72-5.52) | 1 [Reference] |
| Male | 7.18 (6.71-7.65) | 3.83 (3.30-4.44) | 23.03 (22.21-23.84) | 4.50 (4.13-4.90) |
| Race and ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 3.65 (3.31-3.98) | 1 [Reference] | 15.34 (14.67-16.01) | 1 [Reference] |
| Non-Hispanic Asian/Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander | 6.05 (4.75-7.34) | 1.66 (1.31-2.09) | 12.68 (10.84-14.52) | 0.83 (0.71-0.96) |
| Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native | 3.25 (0.42-6.09) | 0.89 (0.37-2.13) | 9.20 (4.56-13.85) | 0.60 (0.36-1.00) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6.00 (5.32-6.69) | 1.65 (1.42-1.91) | 13.28 (12.28-14.28) | 0.87 (0.79-0.94) |
| Hispanic | 4.60 (4.04-5.17) | 1.26 (1.08-1.47) | 11.19 (10.32-12.06) | 0.73 (0.67-0.80) |
| Site c | ||||
| Colorado | 2.76 (2.23-3.28) | 1 [Reference] | 10.38 (9.39-11.37) | 1 [Reference] |
| Tennessee | 3.95 (3.16-4.73) | 1.43 (1.09-1.88) | 11.73 (10.41-13.51) | 1.13 (0.98-1.31) |
| Arizona | 4.07 (3.12-5.02) | 1.48 (1.09-1.99) | 11.90 (10.30-13.49) | 1.15 (0.97-1.35) |
| Arkansas | 4.20 (3.57-4.84) | 1.52 (1.20-1.94) | 10.86 (9.85-11.88) | 1.05 (0.92-1.20) |
| Wisconsin | 4.99 (4.22-5.77) | 1.81 (1.42-2.31) | 11.53 (10.39-12.68) | 1.11 (0.97-1.27) |
| Minnesota | 5.08 (3.89-6.28) | 1.84 (1.36-2.50) | 17.72 (15.50-19.93) | 1.71 (1.46-2.00) |
| Maryland | 5.11 (3.68-6.54) | 1.85 (1.32-2.60) | 14.10 (11.78-16.44) | 1.36 (1.12-1.65) |
| New Jersey | 5.37 (4.56-6.19) | 1.95 (1.53-2.48) | 25.99 (24.26-27.72) | 2.50 (2.23-2.81) |
| Georgia | 5.76 (4.78-6.74) | 2.09 (1.62-2.69) | 13.15 (11.70-14.61) | 1.27 (1.10-1.47) |
| North Carolina | 6.37 (5.23-7.51) | 2.31 (1.78-3.00) | 18.98 (17.05-20.92) | 1.83 (1.59-2.10) |
a
Profound autism was defined as children with autism who were either nonverbal or minimally verbal or had an (intelligence quotient) IQ <50. Non–profound autism was defined as children with autism who did not meet the profound autism criteria. Data source: Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network. 8
b
Prevalence per 1000 children aged 8 years.
c
Five sites did not participate and contribute data to the 2016 surveillance year and were excluded.