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. 2023 Oct 10;18:2225–2243. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S396945

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© 2023 Manzetti et al.

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Forest plot of meta-analysis concerning the impact of pharmacological treatment on the risk of CID in COPD.

Notes: The subgroup and overall effect estimates resulting from the meta-analysis are reported in bold; the red-dashed line indicates the average relative risk resulting for the overall effect estimate.

Abbreviations: AB, aclidinium bromide; BUD, budesonide; CID, clinically important deterioration; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FF, fluticasone furoate; FOR, formoterol fumarate; FP, fluticasone propionate; GLY, glycopyrronium bromide or glycopyrrolate; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; IND, indacaterol; LABA, long-acting β₂-adrenoceptor agonist; LABD, long-acting bronchodilators; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; O, olodaterol; PCB, placebo; SAL, salmeterol; T, tiotropium bromide; UMEC, umeclidinium bromide; VI, vilanterol.