. 2023 Sep 14;7(1):txad111. doi: 10.1093/tas/txad111

Table 7.

Effect of dietary treatment and period on plasma glucose (mg/dL), non-esterified fatty acid (µmol/L), urea (mg/dL), and amino acid concentrations (µmol/L)

	Treatment^a				Period			P-value
Item	NC	BZA	BC50	AGP	1	2	SEM^c	Treatment	Period	Treatment × period
Glucose	147	142	149	142	167	123	14	0.96	<0.001	0.90
NEFA	90	101	86	104	87	103	16	0.68	0.18	0.52
PUN	9.5^*,†	8.2^†	9.5^*,†	11.4^*	8.0	12.3	1.1	0.08	<0.001	0.27
NEAA^c
Ala	358	364	367	359	430	294	15	0.98	<0.001	0.88
Arg	89	108	91	101	91	104	12	0.18	0.06	0.92
Asn	59	72	60	70	64	66	5	0.16	0.64	0.72
Asp	33	37	30	34	38	29	3	0.23	<0.001	0.74
Cys^d	183^†	199^*,†	190^*,†	208^*	190	200	8	0.004	0.04	0.34
Glu	236	228	236	220	276	184	40	0.90	<0.001	0.39
Gln	314	286	285	317	315	287	26	0.25	0.06	0.09
Gly	616^*	492^†	608^*,†	684^*	606	594	45	0.001	0.69	0.94
Pro	159	173	164	175	170	165	8	0.49	0.56	0.90
Ser	97^†	99^*,†	98^†	119^*	98	108	6	0.02	0.09	0.94
Tyr	121	136	114	128	107	142	9	0.15	<0.001	0.81
EAA^c
His	45	52	46	49	49	47	4	0.21	0.40	0.19
Ile	82	92	79	90	90	82	4	0.06	0.05	0.68
Leu	106	124	108	125	114	117	6	0.04	0.63	0.36
Lys	115	151	131	138	137	130	22	0.10	0.53	0.74
Met	38	44	43	43	39	45	5	0.40	0.06	0.76
Phe	48^†	56^*	49^*,†	53^*,†	53	50	2	0.02	0.12	0.56
Thr	121^†	171^*	135^*,†	153^*,†	138	152	12	0.03	0.23	0.41
Val	108	129	104	128	107	128	10	0.03	0.006	0.17
Other AA^c
Cit	28^*,†	29^*,†	25^†	32^*	27	30	2	0.02	0.04	0.97
Hcy^d	27	25	22	31	22	31	3	0.19	0.002	0.65
Orn	66	72	64	70	63	73	5	0.66	0.04	0.91
Tau	125	124	106	148	102	149	26	0.30	0.003	0.10
NEAA	2,265	2,191	2,245	2,414	2,385	2,172	79	0.24	0.01	0.85
EAA	662^†	818^†	692^*,†	778^*,†	731	744	36	0.01	0.71	0.39
BCAA	296	345	291	343	311	327	19	0.03	0.33	0.33

^aPigs were fed experimental diets at weaning (28 d age) for 21 d. Treatments: NC: negative control (no additive); BZA: benzoic acid (0.60%); BC50: Benzocal-50 (0.20%); AGP: antibiotic growth promoter (Carbadox, 50 ppm). Period: period 1 = 7 d; period 2 = 14 d.

^bMaximum value for the standard error of the mean.

^cAmino acids were analyzed in plasma following deproteinization and derivatization with AQC; tryptophan-AQC derivative was not able to be detected by fluorescence.

^dCys and Hcy were analyzed in plasma following disulfide bond reduction, deproteinization, and derivatization with 4-(aminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole.

^*,†Means without a common superscript differ after Tukey multiple comparison test, P < 0.05.

Abbreviations: AA: amino acid; Ala: alanine; AQC: 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate; Arg: arginine; Asn: asparagine; BCAA: branched-chain amino acid; Cit: citrulline; Cys: cysteine; EAA: essential amino acid; Glu: glutamate; Gln: glutamine; Gly: glycine; His: histidine; Hcy: homocysteine; Ile: isoleucine; Leu: leucine; Lys: lysine; Met: methionine; NEAA: non-essential amino acid; NEFA: non-esterified fatty acid; Orn: ornithine; Phe: phenylalanine; Pro: proline; PUN: plasma urea nitrogen; Ser: serine; Tau: taurine; Thr: threonine; Tyr: tyrosine; Val: valine.