Table 9.

Effect of dietary treatment and period on plasma tumor necrosis factor-α concentration (pg/mL) and jejunum, ileum, and colon tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-8 abundances (pg/mg protein)

	Treatmenta				Perioda			P-value
Item	NC	BZA	BC50	AGP	1	2	SEMb	Treatment	Period	Treatment × period
Plasma TNF-α	179	138	148	115	167	123	53	0.77	0.31	0.54
Jejunum
TNF-α	9.2	7.6	7.2	8.1	8.8	7.3	0.8	0.22	0.03	0.53
IL-1β	78.6	66.1	60.0	53.4	78.7	51.8	15.2	0.21	0.002	0.91
IL-8	619	605	697	646	716	574	44	0.40	<0.001	0.15
Ileum
TNF-α	25.1*,†	21.1*,†	19.3†	35.1*	24.3	24.7	7.3	0.04	0.92	0.88
IL-1β	110	108	119	96	115	102	12	0.48	0.21	0.62
IL-8	1,072	1,422	1,300	1,071	1,197	1,217	154	0.07	0.85	0.34
Colon
TNF-α	38.6*,†	20.4†	24.6*,†	43.5*	25.8	35.6	7.8	0.01	0.07	0.74
IL-1β	139*,†	171*	134*,†	86†	147	112	32	0.02	0.08	0.97
IL-8	267*,†	314*	258*,†	186†	222	287	63	0.03	0.04	0.99

^aPigs were fed experimental diets at weaning (28 d age) for 21 d. Treatments: NC: negative control (no additive); BZA: benzoic acid (0.60%); BC50: Benzocal-50 (0.20%); AGP: antibiotic growth promoter (Carbadox, 50 ppm). Period: period 1 = 7 d; period 2 = 14 d.

^bMaximum value for the standard error of the mean.

^*,†Means without a common superscript differ after Tukey multiple comparison test, P < 0.05.