. 2023 Oct 14;31(11):629. doi: 10.1007/s00520-023-08069-8

Table 2.

Inflammatory cytokines over time

Cytokine	Placebo baseline* conc. [pg/ml] (no. participant) median (IQR)	Placebo day 14	Placebo day 28	CBD baseline	CBD day 14	CBD day 28	p-value*
April	(n = 16) 136,323.1 (108,398.4 to 166,673.8)	(n = 13) 137,493.1 (110,978.7 to 169,384.7)	(n = 10) 140,605.9 (121,820 to 175,522.4)	(n = 14) 175,095.2 (118,536.3 to 223,986)	(n = 13) 163,553.6 (142,096 to 212,624.1)	(n = 10) 176,663.6 (155,722 to 187,847.3)	0.73
Hu BAFF/TNFSF13B	(n = 16) 12,193.9 (7128.6 to 20,529.3)	(n = 13) 15,394.9 (7297.4 to 28,238)	(n = 9) 32,126.7 (5902.6 to 39,407)	(n = 14) 10,035.3 (4378.5 to 17,282.8)	(n = 13) 8530.7 (6814.3 to 29,895.5)	(n = 10) 7737 (5738.7 to 29,305.8)	0.35
Hu CD163	(n = 16) 55,580.6 (37,865.1 to 73,716.5)	(n = 13) 42,300 (29,117.9 to 59,592.4)	(n = 10) 37,679.5 (25,352.3 to 78,253.3)	(n = 14) 48,480.6 (25,618.1 to 64,939.1)	(n = 13) 42,328.3 (29,512.2 to 58,443.5)	(n = 10) 53,288.1 (40,546.2 to 79,296.8)	0.73
Hu CD30/TNFRSF8	(n = 16) 292.1 (148.1 to 383.4)	(n = 13) 303.2 (156.6 to 353.6)	(n = 9) 258. (152.5 to 397.8)	(n = 13) 217.6 (109.1 to 504.5)	(n = 11) 155.5 (136.2 to 460.9)	(n = 9) 423.8 (145 to 634.8)	0.50
Hu Chitinase 3-like 1	(n = 16) 9111.8 (6718.2 to 10,048.3)	(n = 13) 10,093.4 (6121.8 to 11,619.6)	(n = 10) 11,039.9 (4520.7 to 12,769.4)	(n = 14) 9362.2 (5682.8 to 11,506.4)	(n = 13) 7524 (5123.7 to 12,623.9)	(n = 10) 6675.6 (4483.3 to 12,420.5)	0.08
Hu IFN-b	(n = 14) 26.6 (19.7 to 30.4)	(n = 12) 21.2 (19.2 to 27.8)	(n = 8) 20.8 (16.6 to 27.1)	(n = 13) 24.1 (13.8 to 30.7)	(n = 12) 22.1 (16.9 to 28.2)	(n = 9) 22.2 (19.7 to 31)	0.37
Hu IFN-g	(n = 16) 22.6 (16.8 to 27.7)	(n = 13) 22 (19.2 to 27.2)	(n = 7) 29 (25.7 to 30.6)	(n = 12) 21.6 (16.6 to 31.4)	(n = 13) 19.2 (17.4 to 30.6)	(n = 8) 19.9 (18.3 to 27.8)	0.35
Hu IL-11	(n = 16) 9.3 (6.6 to 10.4)	(n = 13) 7.9 (6.4 to 9.7)	(n = 9) 8.7 (7 to 9.7)	(n = 13) 9 (5.8 to 10.7)	(n = 13) 9.6 (4.9 to 12.1)	(n = 9) 8.1 (7.1 to 12.7)	0.44
Hu IL-12	(n = 13) 47.8 (29.5 to 65.4)	(n = 10) 38.3 (28.3 to 49.8)	(n = 7) 37.7 (34.9 to 63.5)	(n = 9) 41.7 (28.2 to 106.2)	(n = 9) 35.2 (32 to 101)	(n = 7) 50.9 (35.3 to 84.3)	0.16
Hu IL-29/IFN-l1	(n = 11) 65.1 (59.6 to 71.9)	(n = 10) 71.3 (61.1 to 78.3)	(n = 6) 71.6 (64.3 to 81.4)	(n = 11) 70 (67.6 to 75.5)	(n = 11) 71.5 (60.4 to 84.9)	(n = 5) 80.5 (65.1 to 87.8)	0.99
Hu IL-6Ra	(n = 16) 3328.8 (3002.6 to 3867.9)	(n = 13) 3307.6 (2249 to 4240.7)	(n = 10) 3024.9 (2275.4 to 4080.7)	(n = 14) 4189.1 (3047.1 to 4961.8)	(n = 13) 3576.2 (3164.3 to 5232.2)	(n = 10) 4505.6 (2803.6 to 4728.4)	0.66†
Hu MMP-2	(n = 16) 5438.9 (1826.9 to 14,954.8)	(n = 12) 4631.7 (1970.3 to 13,070.9)	(n = 10) 4561.5 (2023.5 to 12,149.6)	(n = 13) 2740.6 (1757.2 to 9406)	(n = 10) 3892.9 (2376 to 10,442)	(n = 9) 10,117.7 (1878.8 to 11,996.6)	0.57
Hu MMP-3	(n = 16) 12,873.3 (8589 to 16,173.4)	(n = 11) 18,793.8 (10,573.9 to 24,857.5)	(n = 9) 16,306.1 (7750 to 23,430.6)	(n = 14) 18,433.8 (12,856.8 to 31,762.3)	(n = 13) 17,720.3 (16,010.4 to 31,268.5)	(n = 10) 16,819.6 (15,853 to 20,537.9)	0.18
Hu Osteocalcin	(n = 12) 1356.5 (869.8 to 3199.4)	(n = 12) 538 (314.6 to 1894.4)	(n = 7) 1202.7 (552.3 to 3719.2)	(n = 12) 934.9 (376.2 to 2774.4)	(n = 10) 1015.6 (431.6 to 2567)	(n = 9) 1178.6 (783.6 to 2348.2)	0.82
Hu Osteopontin	(n = 16) 5544.3 (3602.5 to 11,841.2)	(n = 12) 6352.8 (2892.4 to 7719.2)	(n = 10) 5871.6 (2589.3 to 12,840.9)	(n = 13) 7176.8 (3009.3 to 9435.1)	(n = 13) 6784.1 (1485.9 to 9404.6)	(n = 10) 7191.3 (2983.7 to 20,887.6)	0.93
Hu Pentraxin	(n = 16) 6269.4 (3996.3 to 8285.9)	(n = 13) 4797.4 (3525.2 to 10,980.4)	(n = 10) 5768.3 (3207.7 to 8664.6)	(n = 14) 3115.9 (2607.2 to 11,801.7)	(n = 13) 4751.2 (2852.1 to 13,028.8)	(n = 10) 3839.1 (2133.8 to 15,217.9)	0.74
Hu TNF-R1	(n = 15) 659.5 (277.1 to 818.2)	(n = 11) 507.2 (339.8 to 708)	(n = 8) 565.2 (280.5 to 869.6)	(n = 14) 417.5 (329.9 to 1084.9)	(n = 13) 435.6 (302.1 to 820.9)	(n = 10) 745.9 (376.4 to 1174.1)	0.86
Hu TNF-R2	(n = 16) 204.7 (159.12 to 431.4)	(n = 13) 170.2 (143.7 to 407.3)	(n = 9) 203.9 (187.6 to 233.5)	(n = 14) 212.2 (156.7 to 399.1)	(n = 13) 222.1 (181.2 to 377.2)	(n = 10) 336.8 (208.9 to 543.4)	0.45
Hu TSLP	(n = 16) 27.1 (17.6 to 35.4)	(n = 12) 26.1 (20 to 32.5)	(n = 9) 27.6 (26.4 to 29.9)	(n = 14) 27.4 (18.3 to 56.3)	(n = 13) 33.1 (17.9 to 55)	(n = 10) 32.7 (16 to 39.3)	0.51
Hu TWEAK/TNFSF12	(n = 16) 146.7 (90.9 to 295.5)	(n = 13) 97.7 (75.1 to 351.8)	(n = 9) 111.7 (94.3 to 202.4)	(n = 13) 201 (86.8 to 251.9)	(n = 11) 144.3 (103.6 to 393.1)	(n = 9) 165.3 (120.7 to 359.9)	0.24
Hu gp130	(n = 16) 22,410.6 (11,938.4 to 30,716.7)	(n = 13) 13,007.2 (11,605.1 to 25,924.8)	(n = 10) 13,668.5 (11,772.9 to 28,182.7)	(n = 14) 14,461.5 (11,499.6 to 26,121.6)	(n = 13) 15,392.9 (11,462.8 to 19,021.4)	(n = 10) 18,528 (12,652.6 to 24,687.9)	0.56

Cytokine

Placebo baseline* conc. [pg/ml] (no. participant) median (IQR)

Placebo day 14

Placebo day 28

CBD baseline

CBD day 14

CBD day 28

p-value*

April

(n = 16)

136,323.1 (108,398.4 to 166,673.8)

(n = 13)

137,493.1 (110,978.7 to 169,384.7)

(n = 10)

140,605.9 (121,820 to 175,522.4)

(n = 14)

175,095.2 (118,536.3 to 223,986)

(n = 13)

163,553.6 (142,096 to 212,624.1)

(n = 10)

176,663.6 (155,722 to 187,847.3)

0.73

Hu BAFF/TNFSF13B

(n = 16)

12,193.9 (7128.6 to 20,529.3)

(n = 13)

15,394.9 (7297.4 to 28,238)

(n = 9)

32,126.7 (5902.6 to 39,407)

(n = 14)

10,035.3 (4378.5 to 17,282.8)

(n = 13)

8530.7 (6814.3 to 29,895.5)

(n = 10)

7737 (5738.7 to 29,305.8)

0.35

Hu CD163

(n = 16)

55,580.6 (37,865.1 to 73,716.5)

(n = 13)

42,300 (29,117.9 to 59,592.4)

(n = 10)

37,679.5 (25,352.3 to 78,253.3)

(n = 14)

48,480.6 (25,618.1 to 64,939.1)

(n = 13)

42,328.3 (29,512.2 to 58,443.5)

(n = 10)

53,288.1 (40,546.2 to 79,296.8)

0.73

Hu CD30/TNFRSF8

(n = 16)

292.1 (148.1 to 383.4)

(n = 13)

303.2 (156.6 to 353.6)

(n = 9)

258. (152.5 to 397.8)

(n = 13)

217.6 (109.1 to 504.5)

(n = 11)

155.5 (136.2 to 460.9)

(n = 9)

423.8 (145 to 634.8)

0.50

Hu Chitinase 3-like 1

(n = 16)

9111.8 (6718.2 to 10,048.3)

(n = 13)

10,093.4 (6121.8 to 11,619.6)

(n = 10)

11,039.9 (4520.7 to 12,769.4)

(n = 14)

9362.2 (5682.8 to 11,506.4)

(n = 13)

7524 (5123.7 to 12,623.9)

(n = 10)

6675.6 (4483.3 to 12,420.5)

0.08

Hu IFN-b

(n = 14)

26.6 (19.7 to 30.4)

(n = 12)

21.2 (19.2 to 27.8)

(n = 8)

20.8 (16.6 to 27.1)

(n = 13)

24.1 (13.8 to 30.7)

(n = 12)

22.1 (16.9 to 28.2)

(n = 9)

22.2 (19.7 to 31)

0.37

Hu IFN-g

(n = 16)

22.6 (16.8 to 27.7)

(n = 13)

22 (19.2 to 27.2)

(n = 7)

29 (25.7 to 30.6)

(n = 12)

21.6 (16.6 to 31.4)

(n = 13)

19.2 (17.4 to 30.6)

(n = 8)

19.9 (18.3 to 27.8)

0.35

Hu IL-11

(n = 16)

9.3 (6.6 to 10.4)

(n = 13)

7.9 (6.4 to 9.7)

(n = 9)

8.7 (7 to 9.7)

(n = 13)

9 (5.8 to 10.7)

(n = 13)

9.6 (4.9 to 12.1)

(n = 9)

8.1 (7.1 to 12.7)

0.44

Hu IL-12

(n = 13)

47.8 (29.5 to 65.4)

(n = 10)

38.3 (28.3 to 49.8)

(n = 7)

37.7 (34.9 to 63.5)

(n = 9)

41.7 (28.2 to 106.2)

(n = 9)

35.2 (32 to 101)

(n = 7)

50.9 (35.3 to 84.3)

0.16

Hu IL-29/IFN-l1

(n = 11)

65.1 (59.6 to 71.9)

(n = 10)

71.3 (61.1 to 78.3)

(n = 6)

71.6 (64.3 to 81.4)

(n = 11)

70 (67.6 to 75.5)

(n = 11)

71.5 (60.4 to 84.9)

(n = 5)

80.5 (65.1 to 87.8)

0.99

Hu IL-6Ra

(n = 16)

3328.8 (3002.6 to 3867.9)

(n = 13)

3307.6 (2249 to 4240.7)

(n = 10)

3024.9 (2275.4 to 4080.7)

(n = 14)

4189.1 (3047.1 to 4961.8)

(n = 13)

3576.2 (3164.3 to 5232.2)

(n = 10)

4505.6 (2803.6 to 4728.4)

0.66†

Hu MMP-2

(n = 16)

5438.9 (1826.9 to 14,954.8)

(n = 12)

4631.7 (1970.3 to 13,070.9)

(n = 10)

4561.5 (2023.5 to 12,149.6)

(n = 13)

2740.6 (1757.2 to 9406)

(n = 10)

3892.9 (2376 to 10,442)

(n = 9)

10,117.7 (1878.8 to 11,996.6)

0.57

Hu MMP-3

(n = 16)

12,873.3 (8589 to 16,173.4)

(n = 11)

18,793.8 (10,573.9 to 24,857.5)

(n = 9)

16,306.1 (7750 to 23,430.6)

(n = 14)

18,433.8 (12,856.8 to 31,762.3)

(n = 13)

17,720.3 (16,010.4 to 31,268.5)

(n = 10)

16,819.6 (15,853 to 20,537.9)

0.18

Hu Osteocalcin

(n = 12)

1356.5 (869.8 to 3199.4)

(n = 12)

538 (314.6 to 1894.4)

(n = 7)

1202.7 (552.3 to 3719.2)

(n = 12)

934.9 (376.2 to 2774.4)

(n = 10)

1015.6 (431.6 to 2567)

(n = 9)

1178.6 (783.6 to 2348.2)

0.82

Hu Osteopontin

(n = 16)

5544.3 (3602.5 to 11,841.2)

(n = 12)

6352.8 (2892.4 to 7719.2)

(n = 10)

5871.6 (2589.3 to 12,840.9)

(n = 13)

7176.8 (3009.3 to 9435.1)

(n = 13)

6784.1 (1485.9 to 9404.6)

(n = 10)

7191.3 (2983.7 to 20,887.6)

0.93

Hu Pentraxin

(n = 16)

6269.4 (3996.3 to 8285.9)

(n = 13)

4797.4 (3525.2 to 10,980.4)

(n = 10)

5768.3 (3207.7 to 8664.6)

(n = 14)

3115.9 (2607.2 to 11,801.7)

(n = 13)

4751.2 (2852.1 to 13,028.8)

(n = 10)

3839.1 (2133.8 to 15,217.9)

0.74

Hu TNF-R1

(n = 15)

659.5 (277.1 to 818.2)

(n = 11)

507.2 (339.8 to 708)

(n = 8)

565.2 (280.5 to 869.6)

(n = 14)

417.5 (329.9 to 1084.9)

(n = 13)

435.6 (302.1 to 820.9)

(n = 10)

745.9 (376.4 to 1174.1)

0.86

Hu TNF-R2

(n = 16)

204.7 (159.12 to 431.4)

(n = 13)

170.2 (143.7 to 407.3)

(n = 9)

203.9 (187.6 to 233.5)

(n = 14)

212.2 (156.7 to 399.1)

(n = 13)

222.1 (181.2 to 377.2)

(n = 10)

336.8 (208.9 to 543.4)

0.45

Hu TSLP

(n = 16)

27.1 (17.6 to 35.4)

(n = 12)

26.1 (20 to 32.5)

(n = 9)

27.6 (26.4 to 29.9)

(n = 14)

27.4 (18.3 to 56.3)

(n = 13)

33.1 (17.9 to 55)

(n = 10)

32.7 (16 to 39.3)

0.51

Hu TWEAK/TNFSF12

(n = 16)

146.7 (90.9 to 295.5)

(n = 13)

97.7 (75.1 to 351.8)

(n = 9)

111.7 (94.3 to 202.4)

(n = 13)

201 (86.8 to 251.9)

(n = 11)

144.3 (103.6 to 393.1)

(n = 9)

165.3 (120.7 to 359.9)

0.24

Hu gp130

(n = 16)

22,410.6 (11,938.4 to 30,716.7)

(n = 13)

13,007.2 (11,605.1 to 25,924.8)

(n = 10)

13,668.5 (11,772.9 to 28,182.7)

(n = 14)

14,461.5 (11,499.6 to 26,121.6)

(n = 13)

15,392.9 (11,462.8 to 19,021.4)

(n = 10)

18,528 (12,652.6 to 24,687.9)

0.56

*p-value for difference in change (trajectory over time)

†Normal distribution with identity link