Fig. 7. Application of the present nonlinear autoencoder with lift augmentation to extreme gust disturbance situation with multiple vortices, simulating severe wake turbulence striking the airfoil.

The initial condition with the gust parameters for each vortex is provided (top left). The decoded lift history and the latent space dynamics are shown (top right). The trajectories for the undisturbed cases are shown in light color in latent space. The value presented on the decoded flow field (a–c) corresponds to the time-averaged structural similarity index between the decoded and reference fields (bottom).