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. 2023 Oct 14;14:6484. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42271-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a The designed complete layout and (e) a closer image of the 3D metasurface: co-centric Aluminum rings of 70 nm fixed height and varying width on top of a SiO2 substrate. b–d The simulated amplitude and (f–h) phase maps of the transmitted electric field at 450,550, and 660 nm wavelengths using the hypothetical device shown in (a). i The letter “N” of Northwestern University logo and (m) the Northwestern Wildcats logo as the input fields. j–l, n–p The calculated output fields of the 4f system with the metasurface.