Table 1.
Characteristics of Included Studies a
| Lead Author (Year) | Country | Study Design (LOE) | Study Period | No. of Cases/ Controls | Infection Type | Risk Factors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crawford 16 (2005) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2000-2002 | 11/320 | All SSIs | Male sex |
| Judd 27 (2006) | USA | Case series (4) | 1994-2001 | 23/395 | All SSIs | Previous knee surgery, tibial ACL graft with post-and-washer fixation, HT autograft |
| Katz 28 (2008) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2001-2005 | 6/795 | Septic arthritis | Preoperative use of antibiotic clindamycin (vs cefazolin) |
| Barker 6 (2010) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2002-2006 | 18/3108 | Septic arthritis | HT autograft |
| Sonnery-Cottet 56 (2011) | France | Case-control (3) | 2003-2008 | 12/1945 | Septic arthritis | Professional athlete, lateral tenodesis |
| Maletis 39 (2013) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2005-2010 | 51/10,575 | All SSIs | HT autograft |
| Brophy 9 (2015) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2002-2005 | 17/2181 | All SSIs | Diabetes, HT autograft |
| Cancienne 12 (2016) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2007-2011 | 135/13,223 | All SSIs | Smoking |
| Murphy 44 (2016) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2000-2008 | 121/11,651 | Septic arthritis | HT autograft, connective tissue disorder, male sex, age, immunosuppressive medications |
| Krutsch 32 (2017) | Germany | Case-control (3) | 2008-2019 | 17/1792 | Septic arthritis | Outdoor summer sports |
| Westermann 64 (2017) | USA | Case-control (3) | 2007-2013 | 39/6359 | All SSIs | Postoperative hospital admission |
| Kawata 29 (2018) | Japan | Case-control (3) | 2010-2015 | 374/30,162 | All SSIs | Atopic dermatitis, preoperative steroid use, age ≤19 y, BMI ≥30 kg/m2, male sex, diabetes |
| Bohu 8 (2019) | France | Case-control (3) | 2012-2016 | 7/1802 | Septic arthritis | Prior knee surgery, hemarthrosis during immediate postoperative period |
| Sonnery-Cottet 57 (2019) | France | Case-control (3) | 2009-2017 | 15/4406 | Septic arthritis | Professional athlete |
| Hurvitz 24 (2020) | USA | Retrospective cohort (3) | 2008-2016 | 38/15,633 | Septic arthritis | Screw-and-sheath tibial fixation |
| Kraus Schmitz 31 (2021) | Sweden | Case-control (3) | 2006-2013 | 291/25,018 | Septic arthritis | Male sex, HT autograft, longer operating time |
| Marom 40 (2022) | USA | Case-control (3) | 2010-2018 | 48/11,403 | Septic arthritis | Revision surgery, younger age |
a
ACL, anterior cruciate ligament; BMI, body mass index; HT, hamstring tendon; LOE, level of evidence; SSI, surgical site infection.