Fig. 4 |. Inulin-fibre-diet-induced eosinophils promote allergic inflammation and anti-helminth defence.

a–d, Papain-induced lung inflammation. a, Schematic of sensitization with papain. b, Representative H&E-stained lung sections and perivascular/peribronchial inflammation as scored by histology. n = 7 mice. Scale bar, 100 μm. c,d, The frequency of eosinophils in the lungs (c) or BALF (d) 24 h after the second dose of papain. n = 8 (papain with control diet), n = 7 (papain with inulin fibre diet) and n = 3 (saline) mice. e–h, N. brasiliensis (Nb) model of helminth infection. e, Schematic of the infection model. f, The frequency of eosinophils in mesenteric lymph nodes. n = 5 mice. g, Representative histology of the lung airways stained with periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Scale bar, 50 μm. Each data point in the graph represents the average number of goblet cells per bronchiole in a section of the left lung from one animal. n = 10 mice. h, Worm count in the small intestine of WT (n = 10 mice) or ΔdblGATA (n = 5 mice) mice. Data are representative of (f) or pooled from (b–d, g and h) two independent experiments. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed t-tests (b, c, f and g) or two-way ANOVA with Šidák’s multiple-comparisons test (d and h). The schematics in a and e were created using BioRender.