Figure 1.

In vivo changes in Didelphis head posture and gape during swallowing occupy a subset of the ranges in static manipulation experiments. (a) shows gape angle range in each static gape group and the observed range of gape movement from experimental individuals during swallowing. (b) shows head flexion angle angle in each static head posture group in comparison with the average within-cycle head flexion angle during swallowing. Dashed line in each boxplot denotes mean values while solid line denotes median. Three-dimensional visualization shows representative head and gape posture within each static manipulation group. Red lines indicate the measurement scheme of gape angle and head flexion angle, respectively. Triangle indicates hyoid position.