Table 1.
The baseline clinic-radiological, pathologic characteristics of ICC patents in the training and validation cohorts
| Characteristics | Training cohort (n = 86) | Validation cohort (n = 30) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative factors | |||
| Age ≥ 60, n (%) | 36 (41.9%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.411 |
| Male, n (%) | 46 (53.5%) | 15 (50%) | 0.742 |
| HBV-positive, n (%) | 52 (60.5%) | 16 (53.3%) | 0.495 |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 42 (48.8%) | 14 (46.7%) | 0.838 |
| Liver steatosis, n (%) | 23 (26.7%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.713 |
| CA199 > 37 U/ml, n (%) | 38 (44.2%) | 14 (46.7%) | 0.814 |
| Location, n (%) | 0.859 | ||
| Left lobe | 50 (58.1%) | 18 (60%) | |
| Right lobe | 36 (41.9%) | 12 (40%) | |
| Subcapsular, n (%) | 62 (72.1%) | 21 (70%) | 0.827 |
| Satellite nodules, n (%) | 11 (12.8%) | 8 (26.7%) | 0.138 |
| Regular morphology, n (%) | 8 (9.3%) | 4 (13.3%) | 0.782 |
| Well-defined border, n (%) | 78 (90.7%) | 27 (90%) | 1.000 |
| Number, n (%) | 0.231 | ||
| 1 | 80 (93%) | 25 (83.3%) | |
| > 1 | 6 (7%) | 5 (16.7%) | |
| Diameter > 5 cm, n (%) | 46 (53.5%) | 16 (53.3%) | 0.988 |
| Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 73 (84.9%) | 24 (80%) | 0.737 |
| Suspicious lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 21 (24.4%) | 6 (20%) | 0.622 |
| AJCC 8th stage, n (%) | 0.288 | ||
| 1 | 47 (54.7%) | 16 (53.3%) | |
| 2 | 13 (15.1%) | 8 (26.7%) | |
| 3 | 26 (30.2%) | 6 (20%) | |
| CT non-enhanced scan density, n (%) | 0.255 | ||
| Homogeneous low | 15 (17.4%) | 2 (6.7%) | |
| Inhomogeneous low | 71 (82.6%) | 28 (93.3%) | |
| Arterial diffuse hyperenhancement, n (%) | 18 (20.9%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0.614 |
| Arterial peripheral rim enhancement, n (%) | 46 (53.5%) | 18 (60%) | 0.537 |
| Arterial diffuse hypoenhancement, n (%) | 22 (25.6%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.807 |
| Centripetal enhancement, n (%) | 40 (46.5%) | 14 (46.7%) | 0.988 |
| Wash in and wash out, n (%) | 13 (15.1%) | 5 (16.7%) | 1.000 |
| Persistent enhancement, n (%) | 19 (22.1%) | 8 (26.7%) | 0.610 |
| Peritumoral arterial enhancement, n (%) | 25 (29.1%) | 11 (36.7%) | 0.439 |
| Intra-tumoral vessels, n (%) | 13 (15.1%) | 3 (10%) | 0.695 |
| Portal thrombus, n (%) | 10 (11.6%) | 3 (10%) | 1.000 |
| Biliary dilatation, n (%) | 21 (24.4%) | 7 (23.3%) | 0.905 |
| Hepatic capsule retraction, n (%) | 61 (70.9%) | 21 (70%) | 0.923 |
| Postoperative factors | |||
| TLSs-positive, n (%) | 27 (31.4%) | 10 (33.3%) | 0.845 |
| Differentiation, n (%) | 0.951 | ||
| Poor | 55 (64%) | 19 (63.3%) | |
| Well-moderate | 31 (36%) | 11 (36.7%) | |
| Nerve invasion, n (%) | 25 (29.1%) | 5 (16.7%) | 0.182 |
| MVI-positive, n (%) | 29 (33.7%) | 9 (30%) | 0.708 |
| Necrosis, n (%) | 76 (88.4%) | 28 (93.3%) | 0.674 |
| Type of hepatic resection, n (%) | 0.699 | ||
| Major | 31 (36%) | 12 (40%) | |
| Minor | 55 (64%) | 18 (60%) | |
| Adjuvant therapy, n (%) | 29 (33.7%) | 8 (26.7%) | 0.475 |
HBV hepatitis B virus, CA199 carbohydrate antigen 199, AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer, TLSs tertiary lymphoid structures, MVI microvascular invasion