Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of the preoperative clinical, radiologic variables between the TLSs-positive and TLSs-negative groups in the training cohort
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TLSs-positive (n = 27) | TLSs-negative (n = 59) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age ≥ 60, n (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 24 (40.7%) | 0.742 | ||
| Male, n (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 34 (57.6%) | 0.255 | ||
| HBV-positive, n (%) | 17 (63%) | 35 (59.3%) | 0.749 | ||
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | 14 (51.9%) | 28 (47.5%) | 0.705 | ||
| Liver steatosis, n (%) | 6 (22.2%) | 17 (28.8%) | 0.522 | ||
| CA199 > 37 U/ml, n (%) | 11 (40.7%) | 27 (45.8%) | 0.663 | ||
| Location, n (%) | 0.887 | ||||
| Left lobe | 16 (59.3%) | 34 (57.6%) | |||
| Right lobe | 11 (40.7%) | 25 (42.4%) | |||
| Subcapsular, n (%) | 17 (63%) | 45 (76.3%) | 0.202 | ||
| Satellite nodules, n (%) | 1 (3.7%) | 10 (16.9%) | 0.174 | ||
| Regular morphology, n (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 4 (6.8%) | 0.429 | ||
| Well-defined border, n (%) | 25 (92.6%) | 53 (89.8%) | 0.993 | ||
| Number, n (%) | 0.726 | ||||
| 1 | 26 (96.3%) | 54 (91.5%) | |||
| > 1 | 1 (3.7%) | 5 (8.5%) | |||
| Diameter > 5 cm, n (%) | 10 (37%) | 36 (61%) | 0.039* | 0.365 | |
| Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 3 (11.1%) | 10 (16.9%) | 0.706 | ||
| Lymph node metastasis, n (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 17 (28.8%) | 0.161 | ||
| AJCC 8th stage, n (%) | 0.014* | 0.598 (0.309–1.155) | 0.126 | ||
| 1 | 21 (77.8%) | 26 (44.1%) | |||
| 2 | 2 (7.4%) | 11 (18.6%) | |||
| 3 | 4 (14.8%) | 22 (37.3%) | |||
| CT non-enhanced scan density, n (%) | 0.628 | ||||
| Homogeneous low | 6 (22.2%) | 9 (15.3%) | |||
| Inhomogeneous low | 21 (77.8%) | 50 (84.7%) | |||
| Arterial diffuse hyperenhancement, n (%) | 13 (48.1%) | 5 (8.5%) | < 0.001* | 4.801 (1.116–20.649) | 0.035* |
| Arterial peripheral rim enhancement, n (%) | 8 (29.6%) | 38 (64.4%) | 0.003* | 0.473 | |
| Arterial diffuse hypoenhancement, n (%) | 6 (22.2%) | 16 (27.1%) | 0.629 | ||
| Centripetal enhancement, n (%) | 12 (44.4%) | 28 (47.5%) | 0.795 | ||
| Wash in and wash out, n (%) | 5 (18.5%) | 8 (13.6%) | 0.786 | ||
| Persistent enhancement, n (%) | 6 (22.2%) | 13 (22%) | 0.984 | ||
| Peritumoral arterial enhancement, n (%) | 8 (29.6%) | 17 (28.8%) | 0.938 | ||
| Intra-tumoral vessels, n (%) | 5 (18.5%) | 8 (13.6%) | 0.786 | ||
| Portal thrombus, n (%) | 4 (14.8%) | 6 (10.2%) | 0.794 | ||
| Biliary dilatation, n (%) | 8 (29.6%) | 13 (22%) | 0.447 | ||
| Hepatic capsule retraction, n (%) | 17 (63%) | 44 (74.6%) | 0.271 | ||
TLSs tertiary lymphoid structures, HBV hepatitis B virus, CA199 carbohydrate antigen 199, AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer
*Statistically significant