TABLE 4.
Natural products of Saponins, Polysaccharide, and others modulate NLRP3 protection in UC.
| Natural products | Saponins | Polysaccharide | Others | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredient/Dose | Ginsenoside Rd 10, 20, 40 mg/kg; 5,10,20 μM | Ginsenoside Rk3 20, 40, 60 mg/kg | Dioscin 40 mg/kg | Pectic Polysaccharide 250 and 500 mg/kg; 320, 640 μg/mL | Astragalus Polysaccharide 100 and 200 mg/kg | Sinapic Acid 10 and 20 mg/kg |
| Chemical name | 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid | |||||
| Chemical formula | C48H82O18 | C36H60O8 | C45H72O16 | C10H7ClN2O2S | C11H12O5 | |
| Type of cells | LPS-induced THP-1 cells | LPS-induced THP-1 cells | ||||
| Model of UC | DSS-induced UC mice | DSS-induced UC mice | DSS-induced UC mice | DSS-induced UC mice | DSS-induced UC mice | DSS-induced UC mice |
| Route of administration | Oral | Oral | Oral | Oral | Oral | Oral |
| Mechanism | IL- 1β, TNF-α and IL-6↓; NLRP3. caspase-1,ASC↓; P62↓ | TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6↓; NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1↓ | ZO-1, Occludin↑; IL-10↑; TNF-α, IL-1β↓ | IL-10↑; TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, Gal-3↓; NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1↓ | NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1↓; IL-1β,IL-18↓ | TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17α, IL-18, and IFN-γ↓; IL-1β, IL-18, ASC, NLRP3, caspase-1↓; IL-10, IL-4↑; Claudin-1, Occludin, and ZO-1 ↑ |
| References | Liu et al. (2018a) | Tian et al. (2020) | Cai et al. (2021) | Pan et al. (2022) | Tian et al. (2017) | Qian et al. (2020) |