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. 2023 Oct 2;11:1250804. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250804

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Copyright © 2023 Dinakaran and Wilson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Methods of interstitial light delivery combined with spatial and temporal fractionation for optimizing PDT effect. A Dunning R3327 rat prostate cancer model was implanted with fiberoptics for light delivery in a standardized icosahedral layout (A), adopted for ease of light dosimetry calculation and geometric expansion to larger tumors (B). The fibers were activated sequentially in a specific geometric pattern (C) to allow fractionated therapy (D). This deposits light (measured in arbitrary units, a.u., by the detecting light catheter/photodiode arrangement) in short bursts (each blue point) at regular intervals either continuously (top) or with pauses to allow for recovery of the photosensitizer (middle). This allows more homogenously and controls the rate of photobleaching and oxygen depletion in the treatment field, which leads to higher therapeutic yield. Image adapted from Xiao et al. (2007) with permission. a.u. = arbitrary units.