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. 2023 Aug 8;109(4):552–565. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioad091

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effect of phthalate mixture exposure on human granulosa cell viability/metabolism. Human granulosa cells were collected at the time of oocyte retrieval from women undergoing in vitro fertilization. The cells were processed as described in Materials and methods to regain responsiveness to hCG. The cells were treated with DMSO (vehicle control) or phthalate mixture (PHTmix; 1–500 μg/ml) for 48 h prior to hCG treatment. Following 48 h, the cells were treated with or without hCG (1 IU/ml) and with or without PHTmix. Cell viability/metabolism was measured via a colorimetric MTS assay following 24- and 48-h PHTmix exposure prior to hCG treatment (A) and following 24 h of hCG + PHTmix treatment (B). Values are presented as absorbance read at 490 nm, which positively correlates with cell viability/metabolism. Graphs represent mean ± SEM. Bars that do not share a letter designation are significantly different (n = 4 patients/group, p ≤ 0.05).