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. 2023 Aug 8;109(4):552–565. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioad091

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effect of phthalate mixture exposure on the mRNA levels of downstream P4/PGR ovulatory mediators. Human granulosa cells from in vitro fertilization patients were treated with DMSO (vehicle control) or phthalate mixture (PHTmix; 1–500 μg/ml) for 48 h prior to hCG treatment. Following 48 h, the cells were treated with or without hCG and with or without PHTmix. Cells were collected at multiple time-points following hCG treatment and were subjected to qPCR to measure the mRNA levels of ADAMTS1 (A), CXCR4 (B), PTX3 (C), and RGS2 (D). All values were normalized to GAPDH and are presented as a percent fold-change relative to the hCG alone control group for each time-point collected. Graphs represent mean ± SEM. Bars that do not share a letter designation are significantly different (n = 9–12 patients/group, p ≤ 0.05).