Figure 3.

Features of the host, environment, and gut microbiota can help in developing personalized nutrition recommendations. Different types of dietary macro- and micronutrients, together with an individual’s clinical features, exercise, medications/supplements, and gut microbiota, determine the repertoire of microbial bioactive metabolites in the gut, with distinct effects on host physiology. All of these factors and as-yet-unidentified factors need to be considered in order to develop personalized nutrition recommendations.