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Reagents and conditions: (i) NH4OH, dioxane, 120 °C; (ii) NH4Cl, Fe, EtOH, H2O; (iii) valeric acid, 130 °C; (iv) p-nitrobenzyl bromide, DMF; (v) mCPBA, CHCl3; (vi) NH4OH, CHCl3; (vii) NH4COOH, Zn, MeOH.
