Table 1.
Summary of the studies which met the inclusion criteria to investigate common oral health-related unfavourable beliefs during pregnancy
| Citation | Author (year) | - Country - Region/City |
Study design | Data collection tool | Sampling method | Sample size (N) | Response rate (%) | Theme of the manuscripta |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [24] | Jago et al. (1984) |
- Australia - Brisbane |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Consecutive sampling | 441 | 98% | Oral health attitudes |
| [30] | Al Habashneh et al. (2005) |
- USA - Johnson County, Iowa |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 625 | 69% | Dental services utilization – Oral health knowledge |
| [31] | Dinas et al. (2007) |
- Greece - Thessaloniki |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 425 | 90% | Dental services utilization |
| [32] | Saddki et al. (2010) |
- Malaysia - Kelantan |
- Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Systematic random sampling | 124 | 100% | Dental services utilization |
| [23] | Detman et al. (2010) |
- USA - Florida |
Cross-sectional (qualitative) | Interview + pre-existing dataset | No information | 253 | 47% | Oral health beliefs |
| [33] | Boggess et al. (2011) |
- USA - North Carolina |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 599 | 88% | Oral health knowledge and beliefs |
| [34] | Abiola et al. (2011) |
- Nigeria - Ikeja |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Consecutive sampling | 453 | No information | Oral health knowledge and attitudes |
| [35] | Hashim (2012) |
- United Arab Emirates - Dubai, Sharjah and Ajman |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Computer-generated random sampling | 750 | 94% | Oral health knowledge—Dental services utilization |
| [36] | Özen et al. (2012) |
- Turkey - Ankara, Gülhane Medical Academy’s Department |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaire | No information | 351 | 93% | Oral health knowledge |
| [22] | Murphey (2013) |
- USA - Southwestern United States |
Cross-sectional (qualitative) | Interview | Convenience, purposive sampling | 24 | No information | Myth about oral health |
| [37] | George et al. (2013) |
- Australia - Southwestern Sydney |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 241 | 77% | Oral health knowledge |
| [38] | Amin et al. (2014) |
- Canada - Edmonton |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 423 | 100% | Myths about oral health—Dental service utilization |
| [39] | Gupta et al. (2015) |
- India - Chandigarh |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Computer-generated random sampling | 200 pregnant and 200 non pregnant women | No information | Oral health knowledge and attitude |
| [40] | Sajjan et al. (2015) |
- India - Bagalkot District |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 332 | No information | Oral health knowledge |
| [41] | Przeklasa et al. (2015) |
- Poland - Cracow, Myslenice and Mszana Dolna |
Cross-sectional | Questionnaire | No information | 132 | No information | Oral health knowledge |
| [42] | Assery (2016) |
- Saudi Arabia - Al-Jubail |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 252 | 84% | Oral health knowledge |
| [43] | Nagi et al. (2016) |
- India - Balispur city |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 446 | No information | Oral health knowledge |
| [44] | Gaffar et al. (2016) |
- Saudi Arabia - Dammam |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Consecutive sampling | 197 | 91% | Oral health knowledge |
| [21] | Al Khamis et al. (2016) |
- Kuwait - Al Asimah, Hawalli, Al Ahmadi, Al Farwaniyah, Al Jahra |
Cross-sectional (qualitative) | Interview | Purposive sampling | 19 | 53% | Oral health misbeliefs, knowledge, and attitudes |
| [45] | Gonik et al. (2017) |
- USA - Detroit |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | Urban: 208 and—suburban: 54 | 100% | Oral health knowledge and behaviour |
| [46] | Abdalla et al. (2017) |
- Egypt - Minia Governorate |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaire | Purposive sampling | 300 | No information | Oral health attitudes and knowledge |
| [47] | Abel-Aziz et al. (2017) |
- Egypt - El-Fayoum |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 266 | No information | Oral health beliefs |
| [48] | Khalaf et al. (2018) |
- Egypt - Assiut Governorate |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaire | Systematic sampling | 365 | No information | Oral health attitudes and knowledge |
| [49] | Barbieri et al. (2018) |
- Brazil - Southern region of the city of São Paulo |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire + prenatal records | Convenience sampling | 195 | 86% | Oral health knowledge |
| [50] | Abu-Hammad et al. (2018) |
- Saudi Arabia - Al Madinah |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 360 | No information | Oral health knowledge and beliefs |
| [11] | Bahramian et al. (2018) |
- Iran - Tehran |
Cross-sectional (qualitative) | Semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) | No information | 22 | 74% | Dental services utilization—Oral health knowledge and misbeliefs |
| [51] | Ishaq et al. (2018) |
- Pakistan - Lahore |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 121 | No information | Oral health knowledge and attitudes |
| [19] | Lubon et al. (2018) |
- Nepal - Rural Sarlahi district |
Cross-sectional (qualitative) | Semi-structured in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) | Purposive sampling | Interviews (n = 16) and focus group discussions (3 groups, n = 23) | No information | Dental services utilization—Oral health knowledge and attitudes |
| [52] | Gupta et al. (2019) |
- Nepal - Biratnagar |
Cross-sectional | Interview | Convenience sampling | 50 | No information | Oral health knowledge |
| [53] | Hans et al. (2019) |
- India - No information |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 225 | No information | Oral health knowledge |
| [20] | Liu et al. (2019) |
- China - Hong Kong, Tsan Yuk Hospital |
Cross-sectional (qualitative) | Semi-structured interview | No information | 30 | 75% | Dental services utilization – Oral health-related information acquisition |
| [54] | Rafeek et al. (2019) |
- Jamaica - Trinidad |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire and oral health examination | Convenience sampling | 161 | No information | Oral health knowledge |
| [55] | Barman et al. (2019) |
- India - Khurda district, Bhubaneswar |
- Cross-sectional - - |
Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 300 | No information | Dental services utilization |
| [56] | Llena et al. (2019) |
- Spain - Comunidad Valenciana |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Random sampling | 139 | 100% | Oral health knowledge |
| [57] | Kamaruddin et al. (2019) |
- Malaysia - Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 76 | 95% | Oral health knowledge |
| [58] | Awasthi et al. (2020) |
- Nepal - Lalitpur |
Cross-sectional | Interview | Purposive sampling | 114 | No information | Oral health attitudes |
| [59] | Soegyanto et al. (2020) |
- Indonesia - Central Jakarta |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 167 | No information | Oral health knowledge |
| [60] | Riaz et al. (2020) |
- Pakistan - Rawalpindi |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaires | Convenience sampling | 260 | No information | Oral health knowledge and attitudes |
| [61] | Chinenye-Julius et al. (2021) |
- Nigeria - Ijebu, Ogun State |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Convenience sampling | 385 | No information | Oral health knowledge and attitudes |
| [12] | Jain et al. (2021) |
- India - Karnal, Haryana |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | No information | 380 | No information | Myths about oral health |
| [25] | Azarshahri et al. (2022) |
- USA |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered online questionnaire | Purposive and snowball sampling | 622 | No information | Myths about oral health—Dental services utilization |
| [26] | Gavic et al. (2022) |
- Republic of Croatia - Social platform Facebook |
Cross‐sectional | Self-administered online questionnaire | Volunteer sampling | 325 | No information | Oral health attitudes and knowledge |
| [27] | Javali et al. (2022) |
- India - Deccan, South India |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered questionnaire | Random sampling | 445 | 92% | Oral health knowledge and attitude |
| [28] | Kaba et al. (2022) |
- Kenya - Western part of Kenya |
Cross-sectional | Interviewer-administered questionnaire | Systematic sampling | 309 | 100% | Oral health knowledge, attitude, and barriers |
| [29] | Akbari et al. (2022) |
- Indonesia - No information |
Cross-sectional | Self-administered online questionnaire | No information | 801 | No information | Myths about oral health |
aUnfavourable beliefs were identified and extracted from the following extracted manuscripts