. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 16.

Published in final edited form as: J Polit Econ. 2022 Jul;130(7):1963–1990. doi: 10.1086/719757

TABLE 5.

Estimates of Relationships between Maternal Influenza Infection Rates and Adult SES for Males, Females, and Nonwhites in 1960, 1970, and 1980 Censuses

Adult SES Indicator	A. Males			B. Females			C. Nonwhites
	1960 Census	1970 Census	1980 Census	1960 Census	1970 Census	1980 Census	1960 Census	1970 Census	1980 Census
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
High school graduate	−.085^*	.015	.006	.025	.030	−.021	−.325	−.052	.132
High school graduate	(.040)	(.022)	(.019)	(.044)	(.024)	(.017)	(.193)	(.105)	(.081)
Years completed schooling	−.694^*	.407^*	.108	.049	.189	−.078	−.973	.535	.317
Years completed schooling	(.310)	(.170)	(.103)	(.263)	(.127)	(.107)	(1.336)	(.444)	(.565)
Log (total income)	−.162	.060	−.065	−.113	.051	.085	.396	.011	.330
Log (total income)	(.088)	(.051)	(.041)	(.118)	(.040)	(.052)	(.320)	(.222)	(.238)
Poor (<1.5 × poverty level)	.031	−.064^*	.013	.003	−.004	−.022	−.245	−.136	.027
Poor (<1.5 × poverty level)	(.032)	(.017)	(.011)	(.034)	(.011)	(.017)	(.200)	(.079)	(.087)
Duncan SEI	−2.336	2.633	−1.386	−2.833	.729	.686	−.865	12.163^*	−1.768
Duncan SEI	(1.984)	(1.671)	(1.004)	(1.609)	(1.033)	(.993)	(7.652)	(3.378)	(3.588)
Observations	16,659	46,238	71,048	17,164	49,440	80,916	1,866	5,319	8,232

Note.—Standard errors, in parentheses, are clustered at the levels of state and year of birth.

Statistically significant at 5% size of test.