. 2023 Oct 12;17:3011–3021. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S429718

Table 2.

Ocular Parameters in Healthy, Glaucoma Suspected and Glaucomatous Groups and in Glaucomatous Eyes Differing by Severity (Adjusted for Age)

Data	Healthy (1) (n=56)	Glaucoma Suspected (2) (n=79)	Glaucoma: (3) (n=103)				p-value* (1) vs (2)	p-value* (1) vs (3)	p-value* (2) vs (3)
Data			All (n=103)	Early (n=56)	Moderate (n=27)	Severe (n=20)
Vessel perfusion density (%), mean ± SD
Average	45.40 ± 0.19	45.05 ± 0.22	42.89 ± 0.32	43.99 ± 0.32^a	42.63 ± 0.43^b	39.27 ± 0.48^c	0.224	<0.001	<0.001
Superior	43.93 ± 0.39	43.63 ± 0.27	41.43 ± 0.51	43.10 ± 0.52	41.17 ± 0.71^b	35.92 ± 0.79^c	0.514	<0.001	<0.001
Nasal	44.29 ± 0.30	45.53 ± 0.39	43.61 ± 0.38	44.35 ± 0.43	43.32 ± 0.61^b	40.74 ± 0.71	0.010	0.167	<0.001
Inferior	45.05 ± 0.34	44.76 ± 0.33	40.57 ± 0.52	42.56 ± 0.53^a	39.60 ± 0.74^b	35.10 ± 0.82^c	0.526	<0.001	<0.001
Temporal	47.93 ± 0.49	46.20 ± 0.40	45.68 ± 0.32	45.77 ± 0.39	46.67 ± 0.56^b	44.36 ± 0.64	0.006	<0.001	0.300
Flux index, mean ± SD
Average	0.4210 ± 0.0055	0.4105 ± 0.0039	0.3801 ± 0.0048	0.3908 ± 0.005 ^a	0.3563 ± 0.0076	0.3419 ± 0.0088^c	0.124	<0.001	<0.001
Superior	0.4119 ± 0.0050	0.4015 ± 0.0035	0.3742 ± 0.0045	0.3849 ± 0.0051^a	0.3547 ± 0.0074	0.3354 ± 0.0085^c	0.091	<0.001	<0.001
Nasal	0.4197 ± 0.0064	0.4159 ± 0.0050	0.3808 ± 0.0050	0.3892 ± 0.0054^a	0.3555 ± 0.0081	0.3420 ± 0.0096^c	0.644	<0.001	<0.001
Inferior	0.4156 ± 0.0057	0.4093 ± 0.0033	0.3747 ± 0.0054	0.3911 ± 0.0053^a	0.3476 ± 0.0076	0.3312 ± 0.0086^c	0.343	<0.001	<0.001
Temporal	0.4357 ± 0.0064	0.4129 ± 0.0050	0.3886 ± 0.0055	0.3967 ± 0.0065^a	0.3655 ± 0.0093	0.3529 ± 0.0107^c	0.006	<0.001	0.001
Optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, mean ± SD
Average	105.80 ± 2.27	104.54 ± 1.74	76.46 ± 1.58	84.09 ± 1.91^a	72.57 ± 2.54^b	52.21 ± 2.82^c	1.000	<0.001	<0.001
Superior	139.42 ± 5.19	132.29 ± 3.97	104.79 ± 3.62	116.81 ± 4.43^a	99.74 ± 5.86^b	66.87 ± 6.49^c	0.785	<0.001	<0.001
Nasal	78.37 ± 2.45	77.26 ± 1.88	59.41 ± 1.71	63.87 ± 2.32	57.64 ± 3.24^b	45.48 ± 3.63^c	1.000	<0.001	<0.001
Inferior	150.17 ± 5.22	140.15 ± 3.99	98.37 ± 3.65	110.28 ± 3.90^a	87.38 ± 5.32^b	54.09 ± 5.92^c	0.349	<0.001	<0.001
Temporal	79.04 ± 2.30	75.69 ± 1.76	63.25 ± 1.60	67.43 ± 1.98	63.26 ± 2.68^b	50.87 ± 2.98^c	0.718	<0.001	<0.001
Optical coherence tomography ganglion cell analysis, mean ± SD
Sector 1	81.19 ± 1.69	77.01 ± 1.33	73.11 ± 1.18	73.26 ± 1.71	69.84 ± 2.10	66.80 ± 2.31^c	0.110	<0.001	0.027
Sector 2	81.13 ± 1.64	78.40 ± 1.29	75.15 ± 1.15	74.49 ± 1.64	71.61 ± 2.08	69.55 ± 2.30	0.476	0.005	0.074
Sector 3	83.55 ± 1.66	81.64 ± 1.31	77.19 ± 1.17	77.10 ± 1.66	74.75 ± 2.01	71.53 ± 2.21	0.982	0.003	0.006
Sector 4	82.65 ± 1.49	78.53 ± 1.18	74.52 ± 1.07	72.45 ± 1.46	73.52 ± 1.71^b	68.76 ± 1.87	0.048	<0.001	0.004
Sector 5	78.20 ± 1.56	74.87 ± 1.23	70.77 ± 1.11	69.95 ± 1.44	67.08 ± 1.89	63.30 ± 2.09^c	0.191	<0.001	0.005
Sector 6	80.76 ± 1.69	77.24 ± 1.33	70.11 ± 1.17	71.70 ± 1.63^a	64.11 ± 2.15	63.04 ± 2.38^c	0.256	<0.001	<0.001
Average	81.12 ± 1.45	78.16 ± 1.14	73.36 ± 1.01	73.41 ± 1.40	70.08 ± 1.78	66.86 ± 1.97^c	0.255	<0.001	0.001
Min	74.05 ± 1.96	72.66 ± 1.54	66.59 ± 1.38	66.21 ± 1.79	61.70 ± 2.40	57.88 ± 2.66^c	1.000	0.003	0.001
Humphrey visual field 24–2, mean ± SD
MD (dB)	−2.93 ± 0.83	−2.54 ± 0.64	−7.37 ± 0.59	−4.66 ± 0.77	−6.58 ± 1.17^b	−18.89 ± 1.36^c	1.000	<0.001	<0.001
PSD (dB)	2.65 ± 0.44	2.74 ± 0.34	4.96 ± 0.31	3.38 ± 0.39 ^a	5.71 ± 0.56 ^b	9.88 ± 0.64 ^c	1.000	<0.001	<0.001
VFI (%)	96.78 ± 2.34	95.36 ± 1.81	83.64 ± 1.67	92.94 ± 1.92^a	82.60 ± 2.60^b	52.20 ± 2.94^c	1.000	<0.001	<0.001

Notes: Data presented as mean (standard error) adjusted for age. *Generalized estimating equation (GEE), ^aStatistically significant difference between early and moderate glaucoma, ^bStatistically significant difference between moderate and severe glaucoma, ^cStatistically significant difference between early and severe glaucoma.