Table 2.
Frequency of AD in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Patients per Analysis after PSM
| Exposure Definition | Vaccinated | Unvaccinated | ||
| AD (+) | AD (–) | AD (+) | AD (–) | |
| Tdap, Td, and/or TT Vaccination versus Unvaccinated | ||||
| ⩾1 Tdap or Td without TT* | 8,370 | 108,030 | 11,857 | 104,543 |
| ⩾1 Tdap or Td or TT | 8,785 | 110,822 | 12,317 | 107,470 |
| ⩾1 Tdap without Td and TT | 6,844 | 90,445 | 9,922 | 87,367 |
| ⩾1 Td without Tdap and TT | 1,435 | 16,253 | 1,785 | 15,903 |
| ⩾1 TT without Tdap and Td | 339 | 2,229 | 323 | 2,245 |
| HZ Vaccination versus Unvaccinated | ||||
| ⩾1 Zostavax or Shingrix* | 16,106 | 182,741 | 21,417 | 177,430 |
| Completed Shingrix (2 doses) without Zostavaxa | 358 | 30,798 | 1,532 | 29,624 |
| ⩾1 Zostavax with 2 doses Shingrix | 92 | 7,608 | 646 | 7,054 |
| ⩾1 Shingrix without Zostavaxa | 789 | 53,091 | 2,863 | 51,017 |
| ⩾1 Zostavax without Shingrix | 15,298 | 128,967 | 16,148 | 128,117 |
| Pneumococcal Vaccination versus Unvaccinated | ||||
| ⩾1 PCV-13 or PPSV-23* | 20,583 | 239,454 | 28,558 | 231,479 |
| ⩾1 PCV-13 without PPSV-23b | 13,425 | 149,606 | 18,342 | 144,689 |
| ⩾1 PPSV-23 without PCV-13 | 8,072 | 101,854 | 11,325 | 98,601 |
The look back period was defined as 2009–2011 and the follow up period as 2011–2019, with the exceptions noted below. Each analysis performed includes a unique unvaccinated cohort. The unvaccinated cohort refers to patients who are not vaccinated with the specified vaccine for that analysis; patients may have still received other vaccinations that were not the exposure variable. For example, for the Zostavax or Shingrix vaccine analysis, the unvaccinated group would be those who received neither Zostavax nor Shingrix; however, this group could have received a Tdap/Td/TT or pneumococcal vaccine. *Denotes a main analysis. aThe analysis was performed using a look back period of 2009–2017 and the follow up period of 2017–2019. bThe analysis was performed using a look back period of 2009–2014 and the follow up period of 2014–2019. AD (+), Alzheimer’s disease during the follow-up; AD (–), did not develop incident AD during follow-up; PCV-13, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13; HZ, Herpes zoster; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; PPSV-23, Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 23; PSM, Propensity score matching; Tdap, Tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis; Td, Tetanus toxoid and reduced diphtheria toxoid; TT, Tetanus toxoid. Table adapted from Bukhbinder et al. [38]. Reprinted from Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, vol. 88, no. 3, Bukhbinder AS, Ling Y, Hasan O, Jiang X, Kim Y, Phelps KN, Schmandt RE, Amran A, Coburn R, Ramesh S, Xiao Q, Schulz PE, Risk of Alzheimer’s disease following influenza vaccination: a claims-based cohort study using propensity score matching, pp. 1061-1074, 2022, with permission from IOS Press. The publication is available at IOS Press through http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-220361.