Table 4.

A table representing the capabilities and limitations of kidney support therapies available to neonates. NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis

Kidney support modality	Benefits	Limitations	Complications	Mode of clearance
Peritoneal dialysis	- Ease of use - No vascular access - Can be used if hemodynamically unstable	- Limited precision of the exact amount of fluid and waste product removal - Unable to use if intraabdominal complications (e.g., NEC, intrabdominal surgery, congenital diaphragmatic hernia) - Must wait until catheter heals to use for prolonged use	- Catheter migration - Catheter malfunction - Catheter infection - Peritonitis - Hyperglycemia - Hyponatremia - Hypoalbuminemia	Diffusion
Extracorporeal support (CARPEDIEM, Nidus, Aquadex)	- Highly efficient waste product clearance - Precise fluid removal - Low extracorporeal volume filter/tubing enables smaller catheters, and decreases hemodynamic instability compared to traditional larger KST circuits - May start therapy immediately after catheter placement	- Requires vascular access - May be restricted based on size of vessel - Requires specialized machines - Requires higher expertise/training - Requires anti-coagulation of the circuit	- Catheter migration - Catheter thrombosis - Catheter infections - Hemodynamic instability (although this is much lower than traditional KST machines)	Diffusion or convection (CARPEDIEM) Diffusion (Nidus) Convection (Aquadex)