Table 1.
Composite scales on privacy, use of facial imaging data and regulation
| Privacy | ||
|---|---|---|
| Question | Answer | Point Score |
| Q16: Please choose the option that best describes your opinion about the following statement: “Privacy is a basic human right”. | I strongly agree with it I moderately agree with it |
3 |
| I neither agree nor disagree with it | 2 | |
| I moderately disagree with it I strongly disagree with it |
1 | |
| Q18: The “right to be forgotten” became an established right in the European Union in 2014. It refers to a person’s right to have links to their personal information removed from Google and other Internet search engines. How do you feel about such a law? | I strongly agree with it I moderately agree with it |
3 |
| I neither agree nor disagree with it | 2 | |
| I moderately disagree with it I strongly disagree with it |
1 | |
| Q23: Cases of privacy violations have often pitted an individual’s right to privacy against the right to free speech of the person sharing the private information and the public’s right to know. Which do you think should carry more weight? | The person’s right to privacy | 3 |
| The right to free speech of the person sharing the private information The public’s right to know |
1 | |
| All three are equally important | 2 | |
| Use of Facial Imaging Data | ||
| Question | Answer | Point Score |
| Q24: Biometric data can be used to digitally identify a person. Examples of biometric data include fingerprints, DNA, retinal scans, iris scans, voice recognition, and facial recognition. How do the privacy risks involved in using facial recognition tools compare with those of other examples of biometric data? | The privacy risks with facial recognition are less than with other biometric data | 1 |
| The privacy risks with facial recognition are about the same as with other biometric data | 2 | |
| The privacy risks with facial recognition are more than with other biometric data | 3 | |
| It is impossible to tell at this stage | “N/A” | |
| Q25: What best describes your view on this statement: “Compared to genetic profiling, facial recognition raises more privacy concerns because facial images may be more easily obtained than a DNA sample. | I strongly agree with it I moderately agree with it |
3 |
| I neither agree nor disagree with it | 2 | |
| I moderately disagree with it I strongly disagree with it |
1 | |
| Q49: Behavioral biometric data are increasingly used to distinguish humans from robots (“bots”) and may become a way to digitally identify a person. Examples of behavioral biometric data include typing cadence, mouse movements, finger movements on trackpads, and how users engage with apps and websites. How do you think the privacy risks of facial recognition compare with those of behavioral biometric data? | The privacy risks with facial recognition are less than with behavioral biometric data. | 1 |
| The privacy risks with facial recognition are about the same as with behavioral biometric data. | 2 | |
| The privacy risks with facial recognition are more than with behavioral biometric data. | 3 | |
| Regulation | ||
| Question | Answer | Point Score |
| Q18: The “right to be forgotten” became an established right in the European Union in 2014. It refers to a person’s right to have links to their personal information removed from Google and other Internet search engines. How do you feel about such a law? | I strongly agree with it I moderately agree with it |
3 |
| I neither agree nor disagree with it | 2 | |
| I moderately disagree with it I strongly disagree with it |
1 | |
| Q19: Section 230 of the US Communications Decency Act of 1996 protects online platforms from liability based on content posted on them by users. How do you feel about this law? | I strongly agree with it I moderately agree with it |
1 |
| I neither agree nor disagree with it | 2 | |
| I moderately disagree with it I strongly disagree with it |
3 | |
| Q22: DNA profiling has been used to diagnose diseases and solve crimes but also for political surveillance. What best reflects your view? | I am not concerned about DNA databases being misused because I live in a democracy. | 1 |
| Some misuse of DNA databases is unavoidable, but on balance a lot more benefit than harm has come from DNA databases. I support using DNA databases with strict regulation on who can access them, how long information can be stored, and what the information can be used for. |
2 | |
| I do not support using DNA databases for any purposes as the potential harms outweigh the benefits. | 3 | |
| Q38 What do you think should be done about the fact that some facial recognition tools have shown lower accuracy rates in minorities and women? | This should cause us to significantly slow down the development of clinical facial recognition tools until it is resolved. | 3 |
| This is a problem that we should address while we continue to develop clinical facial recognition tools. | 2 | |
| This problem will resolve itself as the technology naturally gets better over time. | 1 | |
| Q48: Amazon, IBM, Google and Microsoft have all called for, or implemented, a moratorium on facial recognition technology. How confident are you that technology companies can regulate themselves when it comes to the use of facial recognition tools? | Very confident | 1 |
| Moderately confident Slightly confident |
2 | |
| Not confident at all | 3 | |