Table 2.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | n (%) or Median (IQR) |
|---|---|
| Age at fistula creation surgery, yr | 57 (47–65) |
| Sex, n (%) | |
| Male | 372 (70) |
| Female | 163 (30) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| American Indian | 11 (2) |
| Asian | 11 (2) |
| Black | 243 (45) |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | 11 (2) |
| White | 244 (46) |
| Multiple races | 7 (1) |
| Unknown | 8 (2) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |
| Hispanic | 73 (14) |
| Non-Hispanic | 458 (86) |
| Unknown | 4 (1) |
| Dialysis status at fistula creation surgery, n (%) | |
| No treatment with dialysis | 176 (33) |
| Treatment with hemodialysis | 355 (66) |
| Treatment with peritoneal dialysis | 4 (1) |
| Serum creatinine level among those not receiving dialysis, mg/dl | 4.6 (3.8–5.4) |
| Comorbid conditions, n (%) | |
| Diabetes | 311 (58) |
| Hypertension | 517 (97) |
| Congestive heart failure | 146 (27) |
| History of myocardial infarction | 66 (12) |
| History of angina | 75 (14) |
| History of coronary artery bypass surgery | 56 (10) |
| Prior percutaneous coronary intervention | 50 (9) |
| Prior carotid endarterectomy | 3 (1) |
| Prior carotid artery angioplasty | 3 (1) |
| History of stroke or transient ischemic attack | 70 (13) |
| History of claudication | 34 (6) |
| History of lower extremity angioplasty or bypass surgery | 14 (3) |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |
| Non-smoker | 250 (47) |
| Former smoker | 190 (36) |
| Current smoker | 90 (17) |
| Unknown | 5 (1) |
IQR, interquartile range.