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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hous Stud. 2021 Jul 19;38(7):1342–1364. doi: 10.1080/02673037.2021.1941792

Table 2.

Mean cardiometabolic risk levels by housing characteristics

Health and Retirement Study 2010/2012 CMR Difference
Respondents in analytic sample (n = 8,231) Mean S.E. t-tests

Housing tenure
 Owners 1.778 .021
 Renters 2.127 .051 .349 ***
Home maintenance
 Very good or mixed 1.788 .019
 Poor or very poor 2.373 .073 .585 ***
Current and ongoing housing problem
 No problem 1.767 .023
 Current and ongoing problem 2.133 .048 .366 ***
Years since last move
 2 years or less 1.933 .056
 3 to 5 years 1.797 .049 −.136 *
 Over 5 years 1.814 .023 .017
Neighborhood safety
 Good, very good, or excellent 1.793 .020
 Poor or fair 2.156 .060 .363 ***
Difficulty paying bills
 Not at all difficult 1.667 .027
 Difficult to pay bills 1.938 .026 .271 ***
*

p < .05

**

p < .01

***

p < .001