Skip to main content
. 2023 Oct 13;102(41):e34692. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034692

Table 1.

Distributions of participants’ characteristics stratified by zip code-derived RUCA category.

Sample characteristics Overall (970)
n (%)
Rural (523)
n (%)
Urban (447)
n (%)
Age
Mean (SD)
 Categories
 18–34
 35–49
 50–64
 65+

56.9 (14.3)

105 (10.8)
130 (13.4)
380 (39.2)
355 (36.6)

57.6 (14.1)

50 (47.6)
73 (56.2)
193 (50.8)
207 (58.3)

56.0 (14.4)

55 (52.4)
57 (43.8)
187 (49.2)
148 (41.7)
Sex
 Male
 Female

522 (53.8)
448 (46.2)

278 (53.3)
245 (54.7)

244 (46.7)
203 (45.3)
Race
 White
 Black
 Multi/other

743 (76.6)
192 (19.8)
35 (3.6)

465 (62.6)
43 (22.4)
15 (42.9)

278 (37.4)
149 (77.6)
20 (57.1)
Education
 <High school
 High school graduate (or GED)
 Post HS/some college
 College graduate or higher
 Missing

71 (7.8)
260 (28.4)
253 (27.6)
332 (36.2)
54 (5.6)

38 (53.5)
159 (61.2)
142 (56.1)
157 (47.3)
27 (5.2)

33 (46.5)
101 (38.8)
111 (43.9)
175 (52.7)
27 (6.0)
Marital status
 Partnered
 Not partnered
 Missing

571 (60.7)
369 (39.3)
30 (3.1)

342 (59.9)
164 (44.4)
17 (3.3)

229 (40.1)
205 (55.6)
13 (2.9)
Health insurance
 Yes
 No
 Missing

888 (94.2)
55 (5.8)
27 (2.8)

473 (53.3)
34 (61.8)
16 (3.1)

415 (46.7)
21 (38.2)
11 (2.5)
Income
 $0–19,999
 $20,000–49,999
 $50,000–99,999
 $100,000+
 Missing

177 (20.5)
268 (31.0)
277 (32.0)
143 (16.5)
105 (10.8)

83 (46.9)
164 (61.2)
159 (57.4)
55 (38.5)
62 (11.9)

94 (53.1)
104 (38.8)
118 (42.6)
88 (61.5)
43 (9.6)
Own home
 Own
 Rent/occupy
 Missing

638 (68.4)
295 (31.6)
37 (3.8)

379 (59.4)
124 (42.0)
20 (3.8)

259 (40.6)
171 (58.0)
17 (3.8)
Employed
 Yes
 No
 Retired
 Missing

369 (41.1)
225 (25.1)
303 (33.8)
73 (7.5)

177 (48.0)
128 (56.9)
181 (59.7)
37 (7.1)

192 (52.0)
97 (43.1)
122 (40.3)
36 (8.1)

Results are listed as n (%), with n being the sample size unless otherwise indicated. For the overall sample, the column percentages are reported. For rural and urban sample, the row percentages are reported. The bold values are denoting missing values.

GED = General Educational Development, HS = high school, SD = standard deviation.