Table 1.
ADHD and control group differences in sociodemographic, personality, attention network effects and cognitive flexibility.
| ADHD group (n = 55) | Control group (n = 40) | χ2/t | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 8.84 ± 1.10 | 8.98 ± 1.00 | −0.629 | .531 |
| Sex | 9.481 | .004 | ||
| Girls | 11 (11.6%) | 20 (21.1%) | ||
| Boys | 44 (46.3%) | 20 (21.1%) | ||
| Grade | 2.91 ± 0.84 | 2.98 ± 1.00 | −0.347 | .729 |
| FSIQ | 102.38 ± 14.31 | 106.78 ± 8.43 | −1.863 | .066 |
| SNAP-IV | ||||
| IA | 18.51 ± 4.71 | 7.40 ± 3.82 | 12.256 | <.001 |
| H/I | 13.87 ± 6.16 | 5.40 ± 2.67 | 9.097 | <.001 |
| Oppositional | 9.15 ± 4.92 | 5.43 ± 1.81 | 5.150 | <.001 |
| EPQ | ||||
| P | 4.07 ± 2.27 | 4.28 ± 3.03 | −0.356 | .723 |
| E | 16.25 ± 4.66 | 15.08 ± 4.8 | 1.203 | .232 |
| N | 10.15 ± 4.61 | 8.40 ± 3.34 | 2.036 | .035 |
| ANT (ms) | ||||
| Alerting | 26.44 ± 36.95 | 59.23 ± 35.61 | −4.335 | <.001 |
| Orienting | 49.78 ± 55.01 | 69.17 ± 43.88 | −1.909 | .059 |
| Conflict | 78.84 ± 62.68 | 75.64 ± 65.10 | 0.241 | .810 |
| WCST | ||||
| PR | 37.53 ± 16.85 | 26.55 ± 16.48 | 3.164 | .002 |
| PRE | 34.98 ± 16.57 | 22.83 ± 14.98 | 3.674 | <.001 |
| CC | 3.38 ± 1.69 | 4.58 ± 1.74 | −3.353 | .001 |
ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ANT = attention network test, CC = number of categories completed, EPQ-E = Eysenck personality questionnaires-extraversion, EPQ-N = Eysenck personality questionnaires-neuroticism, EPQ-P = Eysenck personality questionnaires-psychoticism, FSIQ = full-scale intelligence quotient, H/I = hyperactivity/impulsivity, IA = inattention, PR = perseverative responses, PRE = perseverative errors, SNAP-IV = Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham, Version IV Scale, WCST = Wisconsin card sorting test.