Table 4.
CANTAB assessments.
| Parameter | Placebo | ARE | Group mean diff. (95%CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 0 | Day 60 | Day 0 | Day 60 | |||
| Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) | ||||||
| Mean decision time (CGTDMMT) | 1372 ± 898.8 | 1686 ± 666.3 | 1793 ± 999 | 1721 ± 956.3 | 385.9 (−287.7 to 935.0) | .52 |
| Change from day 0 | 314.1 ± 163.2 | −71.80 ± 261.1 | ||||
| Decision making Quality (CGTDMQMT) | 0.93 ± 0.13 | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.92 ± 0.11 | 0.96 ± 0.07* | −0.016 (−0.038 to 0.013) | .27 |
| Change from day 0 | 0.028 ± 0.024 | 0.045 ± 0.020 | ||||
| Risk taking (CGTRTKMT) | 0.58 ± 0.13 | 0.56 ± 0.11 | 0.55 ± 0.11 | 0.52 ± 0.07 | 0.016 (−0.03 to 0.066) | .54 |
| Change from day 0 | −0.02 ± 0.03 | −0.033 ± 0.02 | ||||
| Delayed Matching Sample (DMS) | ||||||
| Percentage correct response (DMSPCS) | 93.08 ± 9.70 | 92.31 ± 9.92 | 86.92 ± 18.71 | 96.92 ± 7.36* | −10.77 (−19.03 to 2.51) | .02 |
| Change from day 0 | −0.77 ± 2.59 | 10.0 ± 3.18 | ||||
| Total correct response (DMSTCS) | 4.65 ± 0.48 | 4.62 ± 0.49 | 4.42 ± 0.90 | 4.77 ± 0.51 | 0.38 (−0.053 to 0.82) | .31 |
| Change from day 0 | −0.038 ± 0.13 | 0.35 ± 0.17 | ||||
| Motor Screening Task (MOT) | ||||||
| Mean latency to respond (MOTML) | 701.6 ± 295.4 | 799.6 ± 512.1 | 715 ± 272.4 | 663.5 ± 231.6 | 149.5 (−18.00 to 6.00) |
.03 |
| Change from day 0 | 98.07 ± 60.02 | −51.47 ± 40.20 | ||||
| Multitasking Test (MTT) | ||||||
| Correct response (MTTTC) | 133.7 ± 17.73 | 141.5 ± 16.37* | 128.4 ± 17.44 | 143.1 ± 15.05* | −6.85 (−18.0 to 6.0) | .36 |
| Change from day 0 | 7.84 ± 4.12 | 14.69 ± 3.91 | ||||
| Incorrect response (MTTTIC) | 22.81 ± 15.98 | 15.38 ± 14.25* | 24.69 ± 15.19 | 15.15 ± 13.16* | 2.11 (−6.00 to 12.00) | .72 |
| Change from day 0 | −7.42 ± 3.44 | −9.54 ± 3.61 | ||||
Data is represented as Mean ± SD.
ARE = Ashwagandha root extract, CGTDMMT = Cambridge Gambling Task mean decision time total merged (The mean latency from presentation of the task to the subject selection), CGTMQMT = Cambridge Gambling Task, decision making quality total (the proportion of all trials where the subject chose the majority box color), CGTRTKMT = Cambridge Gambling task risk taking total merged (the mean proportion of current points gambled by the subject), DMSPCS = delayed, matching sample percentage correct (percentage of trials during which the subject chose the correct box on their first box choice), DMSTCS = delayed, matching sample total correct (total number of times a subject chose the correct answer on their first box choice), MMTTIC = multitasking total incorrect responses (number of trials for which the outcome was an incorrect response), MOTML = motor screening task mean latency (the mean latency for a subject to correctly respond to the stimulus on screen), MTTTC = multitasking total correct (number of trials for which the outcome was a correct response).
Represents the significance (P < .05) within the group from baseline to end of the study as determined by paired T test. The significance of the change in scores from day 0 and day90 between ARE and placebo, by Mann–Whitney test are represented as P value in the table.