Table 3. Comparison of data related to extraperitoneal pelvic tamponade, external fixation, and arteriography between the groups of survivors and non-survivors.
| Survivors | Non-survivors | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extraperitoneal tamponade | |||
| Time between admission and EPP, min | 144 (±118.8) | 131 (±82.6) | 0.64 |
| Surgical packs, n | 8 [3-14] | 8 [4-12] | 0.528 |
| Patients, n | 22 | 29 | |
| External fixation | |||
| Patients undergoing EF, n (%) | 19 (86.36) | 23 (79.31) | 0.713 |
| Patients, n | 22 | 29 | |
| Time between EPP and EF, min | 20 [5-305] | 20 [5-120] | 0.47 |
| Patients, n | 17 | 20 | |
| Arteriography | |||
| AR indication, n (%) | 16 (72.72) | 25 (86.2) | 0.286 |
| Arterial contrast extravasation on CT, n (%) | 3 (13.63) | 5 (17.24) | 1 |
| Refractory shock†, n (%) | 13 (59.09) | 20 (68.96) | 0.465 |
| Patients, n | 22 | 29 | |
| Arteriography performed | 10 (45.45) | 10 (34.48) | 0.61 |
| Patients, n | 22 | 29 | |
| Time between EPP and AR, min | 195 [90-1185] | 150 [40-860] | 0.693 |
| Patients, n | 10 | 10 | |
| Presence of arterial injury | 3 (30) | 5 (50) | 0.65 |
| Embolization | 4 (40) | 4 (50) | 1 |
| Patients, n | 10 | 10 |
†: refractory shock after EPP (and external fixation of the pelvis, when performed); AR: arteriography; CT: computed tomography; EF: external fixation of the pelvis; EPP: extraperitoneal pelvis tamponade; n: number of patients.