Table 3. Demographic and clinical characteristics among hospitalized COVID-19 survivors and nonsurvivors by vaccination status, 2020-2022.a .
| Characteristic | Group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccinated | p | Unvaccinated | p | |||
| n = 996 (50.8) | n = 925 (49.2) | |||||
| Survivor | Nonsurvivor | Survivor | Nonsurvivor | |||
| Age, years | 64.0 ± 16.3 | 70.6 ± 13.2 | < 0.001 | 55.3 ± 15.1 | 59.1 ± 14.9 | < 0.001 |
| Median | 66 | 72 | 55 | 58 | ||
| Age group, years | ||||||
| < 50 | 130 (20.9) | 28 (7.5) | < 0.001 | 135 (37.2) | 153 (27.2) | 0.004 |
| 50-59 | 88 (14.1) | 37 (9.9) | 92 (25.3) | 140 (24.9) | ||
| 60-69 | 153 (24.6) | 104 (27.9) | 72 (19.8) | 119 (21.2) | ||
| 70-79 | 136 (21.8) | 106 (28.4) | 40 (11) | 97 (17.3) | ||
| ≥ 80 | 116 (18.6) | 98 (26.3) | 24 (6.6) | 53 (9.4) | ||
| Sex | 0.671 | 0.920 | ||||
| Male | 341 (54.7) | 199 (53.4) | 195 (53.7) | 300 (53.4) | ||
| Female | 282 (45.3) | 174 (46.6) | 168 (46.3) | 262 (46.6) | ||
| Ethnicity/skin color | 0.197 | 0.121 | ||||
| White | 83 (26.1) | 60 (31.4) | 69 (33.3) | 93 (27.1) | ||
| Other | 234 (73.9) | 131 (68.6) | 138 (66.7) | 250 (72.9) | ||
| Marital status | 0.646 | 0.692 | ||||
| Single | 509 (82) | 310 (83.1) | 280 (77.3) | 437 (78.5) | ||
| Married | 112 (18) | 63 (16.9) | 82 (22.7) | 120 (21.5) | ||
| Area of residence | 0.431 | 0.004 | ||||
| Recife | 228 (36.6) | 130 (34.9) | 145 (41.3) | 177 (32) | ||
| Metropolitan area of Recife | 265 (42.5) | 152 (40.8) | 143 (40.7) | 233 (42.1) | ||
| Other | 130 (20.9) | 91 (24.4) | 63 (17.9) | 143 (25.9) | ||
| Symptoms at admission | ||||||
| Fever | 264 (42.4) | 129 (34.6) | 0.015 | 178 (49) | 249 (44.3) | 0.159 |
| Cough | 349 (56) | 168 (45) | < 0.001 | 222 (61.2) | 329 (58.5) | 0.429 |
| Dyspnea | 413 (66.3) | 281 (75.3) | 0.003 | 280 (77.1) | 430 (76.5) | 0.827 |
| Diarrhea | 41 (6.6) | 20 (5.4) | 0.437 | 25 (6.9) | 32 (5.7) | 0.461 |
| Vomiting | 21 (3.4) | 11 (2.9) | 0.715 | 12 (3.3) | 12 (2.1) | 0.274 |
| Vital signs at admission | ||||||
| Spo2 | 96 + 3 | 94 + 6 | < 0.001 | 95 + 3 | 92 + 7 | < 0.001 |
| RR, breaths/min | 20 + 5 | 22 + 6 | < 0.001 | 21.6 + 6 | 24.6 + 7 | < 0.001 |
| HR, bpm | 86 + 16 | 92 + 22 | < 0.001 | 85 + 16 | 90 + 20 | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertension | 360 (57.8) | 220 (59) | 0.648 | 161 (44.4) | 287 (51.1) | 0.046 |
| Diabetes | 213 (34.2) | 145 (38.9) | 0.136 | 84 (23.1) | 168 (29.9) | 0.024 |
| Obesity | 162 (27.9) | 90 (27.4) | 0.737 | 113 (40.6) | 171 (41.8) | 0.472 |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 72 (11.6) | 56 (15) | 0.115 | 29 (8) | 34 (6) | 0.253 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 64 (10.3) | 40 (10.7) | 0.822 | 25 (6.9) | 47 (8.4) | 0.413 |
| Chronic neurologic disease | 79 (12.7) | 68 (18.2) | 0.017 | 27 (7.4) | 43 (7.7) | 0.905 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 46 (7.4) | 24 (6.4) | 0.571 | 30 (8.3) | 38 (6.8) | 0.392 |
| Chronic hematologic disease | 13 (2.1) | 4 (1.1) | 0.232 | 4 (1.1) | 3 (0.5) | 0.330 |
| Chronic liver disease | 9 (1.4) | 9 (2.4) | 0.267 | 5 (1.4) | 6 (1.1) | 0.671 |
| Cancer | 19 (3) | 19 (5.1) | 0.103 | 11 (3) | 13 (2.3) | 0.503 |
| Immunodeficiency | 26 (4.2) | 16 (4.3) | 0.930 | 11 (3.3) | 10 (1.8) | 0.212 |
| ICU admission | 185 (29.7) | 274 (73.5) | < 0.001 | 131 (36.1) | 432 (76.9) | < 0.001 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 50 (8) | 288 (77) | < 0.001 | 44 (12.1) | 485 (86.3) | < 0.001 |
| Vasopressor | 36 (5.8) | 264 (70.8) | < 0.001 | 36 (9.9) | 427 (76) | < 0.001 |
| Hemodialysis | 26 (4.2) | 45 (12.1) | < 0.001 | 14 (3.9) | 40 (7.1) | 0.039 |
| CT pattern | ||||||
| Typical | 302 (69.9) | 95 (73.1) | 0.585 | 270 (74.4) | 195 (34.7) | < 0.001 |
| Atypical | 108 (25) | 31 (23.8) | 93 (25.6) | 367 (65.3) | ||
| Variant | 0.280 | 0.018 | ||||
| Delta | 159 (25.5) | 79 (21.3) | 48 (13.2) | 43 (7.7) | ||
| Gamma | 303 (48.6) | 195 (52.3) | 240 (66.1) | 386 (68.7) | ||
| Omicron | 156 (25) | 93 (24.9) | - | - | ||
| Length of hospital stay, days | 11.4 ± 11.4 | 12.6 ± 13.1 | 0.134 | 12.24 ± 10.7 | 12.24 ± 13.3 | 0.998 |
a
Values expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD.