Table 1. Summary of the studies on the impact of SMPs on COVID-19 vaccination uptake.

No.	Region	Study population	Author	No. of participants	Results
1	Saudi Arabia	Primary caregivers of children up to 2 years of age in Saudi Arabia.	Baghdadi et al.53	577	While most mothers sought information from trustworthy sources before the pandemic, there was a significant increase in SMPs usage for such information during the pandemic.
2	Russia	Population above 18 years of age. Data drawn from the Russian longitudinal monitoring survey	Roshchina et al.48	7,046	Only 45% of the Russian population demonstrated positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccination.
3	Israel	Israeli population between ages 18 to 55 years.	Zimand-Sheiner et al.44	863	Results show that trust in SMPs trust generates negative attitude toward vaccine, whereas trust in mass media and official generate positive attitudes.
4	Jordan, Kuwait	Residents above 16 years of age in Jordan and other Arab Countries.	Sallam et al.46	3,414	A reliance on social media as the primary source of information about COVID-19 vaccines was associated with vaccine hesitancy.
5	Qatar		Alabdulla et al.45	7,821	This study reports an overall vaccine hesitancy of 20% toward the COVID-19 vaccine and the influence of social media on attitudes toward vaccination which is in keeping with emerging evidence.
6	Lebanon	A random sample of population above 18 years of age.	Ghaddar et al.47	1,052	Trust in specific information sources (WHO, MoPH, and TV) increased, while confidence in information from SMPs reduced vaccination intent against COVID-19.
7	Japan	Parents residing in Japan with children aged 3 to 14 years.	Horiuchi et al.58	1,200	SMPs as the most trusted information source increased vaccine hesitancy in parents compared to those who trusted official information.
8	Mongolia	Population above 18 years of age in different districts of Mongolia.	Dambadarjaa et al.59	2,875	Receiving COVID-19 vaccine information from official government pages was related to a higher acceptance rate. Reliance on social media as a source of COVID-19 vaccine information was associated with high vaccine hesitancy.
9	China	Healthcare workers from 2 participating hospitals in China	Xin et al.62	1,902	Frequent social media exposure and interpersonal discussion potentially enhanced vaccination intentions via increased perceived vaccine efficacy.

SMP = social media platform, COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019, WHO = World Health Organization, MoPH = Ministry of Public Health.