Table 3.
Frequency of periodontitis and gingivitis according to participant characteristics
| Periodontitis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | First trimester | Third trimester | ||||
| No periodontitis | Periodontitis | p-value | No periodontitis | Periodontitis | p-value | |
| Age (mean; SD) | 31.9 (4.4) | 32.3 (4.6) | 0.738 | 31.9 (4.3) | 32.2 (4.7) | 0.694 |
| Unemployed (n, %) | 41 (33.6) | 8 (32.4) | 0.538 | 36 (34.3) | 13 (31.0) | 0.427 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 10 (8.2) | 3 (12.0) | 0.385 | 7 (6.7) | 6 (14.3) | 0.127 |
| Obesitya (n, %) | 21 (17.2) | 8 (32.0) | 0.082 | 15 (14.3) | 14 (33.3) | 0.010 |
| Diabetes/ GD (n, %) | 11 (9.0) | 7 (28.0) | 0.016 | 10 (9.5) | 8 (19.0) | 0.097 |
| Plaque indexb 1T | 0.75 (0.76) | 1.94 (0.84) | p<0.001 | 0.63 (0.73) | 1.76 (0-74) | p<0.001 |
| Periodontitis 1T | – | – | – | 3 (2.9) | 22 (52.4) | p<0.001 |
| Gingivitis 1T | 54 (68.4) | 0 | p<0.001 | 34 (32.4) | 20 (47.6) | 0.062 |
| Gingivitis | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No gingivits | Gingivitis | p value | No gingivitis | Gingivitis | p value | |
| Age (mean; SD) | 31.6 (0.4) | 32.7 (4.9) | 0.332 | 31.8 (4.4) | 32.2 (4.5) | 0.576 |
| Unemployed (n, %) | 37 (39.8)) | 12 (22.2) | 0.022 | 18 (28.6) | 31 (36.9) | 0.189 |
| Smoker (n, %) | 10 (10.8) | 3 (5.6) | 0.225 | 2 (3.2) | 11 (13.1) | 0.032 |
| Obesitya (n, %) | 17 (18.3) | 12 (22.2) | 0.354 | 9 (14.3) | 20 (23.8) | 0.109 |
| Diabetes/ GD (n, %) | 14 (15.1) | 4 (7.4) | 0.134 | 5 (7.9) | 13 (15.5) | 0.129 |
| Plaque indexb 1T | 0.70 (0.91) | 1.39 (0.65) | p<0.001 | 0.86 (0.81) | 1.02 (0.94) | 0.302 |
| Periodontitis 1T | 25 (26.9) | 0 | p<0.001 | 22 (26.2) | 3 (4.8) | p<0.001 |
| Gingivitis 1T | – | – | – | 20 (23.8) | 34 (54.0) | p<0.001 |
GD Gestational diabetes
1T First trimester
aObese vs non-obese
bUsed to assess oral hygiene