Table 2.
Generalized linear mixed models of childhood ethnoracial minority density predicting right fusiform and right insula cortical thicknesses among minorities stratified by healthy youth and those at clinical high-risk for psychosis.
| Right Fusiform among CHR-P ethnoracial minority youth (Model A; n = 164) |
Right Insula among CHR-P ethnoracial minority youth (Model B; n = 164) |
Right Fusiform among healthy ethnoracial minority youth (Model C; n = 80) |
Right Insula among healthy ethnoracial minority youth (Model D; n = 80) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameters | β | SE | 95% CI | p | β | SE | 95% CI | p | β | SE | 95% CI | p | β | SE | 95% CI | p |
| Intercept | 0.86 | 0.47 | −0.06 to 1.78 | 0.071 | 1.57 | 0.46 | 0.67 to 2.48 | <0.001 | 1.61 | 0.53 | 0.57 to 2.65 | 0.003 | 1.67 | 0.52 | 0.65 to 2.69 | 0.002 |
| Age | −0.05 | 0.02 | −0.10 to 0.00 | 0.046 | −0.08 | 0.02 | −0.12 to −0.03 | 0.001 | −0.08 | 0.03 | −0.13 to −0.02 | 0.006 | −0.09 | 0.03 | −0.14 to −0.03 | 0.003 |
| Female Sex | −0.28 | 0.14 | −0.56 to 0.01 | 0.058 | −0.22 | 0.15 | −0.51 to 0.07 | 0.139 | 0.11 | 0.20 | −0.28 to 0.50 | 0.582 | −0.41 | 0.19 | −0.79 to −0.02 | 0.041 |
| Family History of Mental Illnesses | 0.08 | 0.15 | −0.22 to 0.38 | 0.599 | −0.07 | 0.15 | −0.37 to 0.24 | 0.665 | −0.14 | 0.20 | −0.53 to 0.25 | 0.475 | 0.26 | 0.19 | −0.12 to 0.64 | 0.188 |
| Area-level Socioeconomic Deprivation | −0.41 | 0.22 | −0.84 to 0.02 | 0.068 | −0.34 | 0.21 | −0.75 to 0.06 | 0.103 | −0.16 | 0.21 | −0.57 to 0.24 | 0.432 | −0.35 | 0.20 | −0.75 to 0.05 | 0.091 |
| Area-level Ethnoracial Minority Density | 0.54 | 0.19 | 0.17 to 0.91 | 0.006 | 0.40 | 0.18 | 0.05 to 0.74 | 0.028 | 0.12 | 0.17 | −0.21 to 0.44 | 0.485 | 0.26 | 0.16 | −0.06 to 0.58 | 0.119 |
| Pseudo-R2 (fixed effects) | 14.6% | 14.2% | 10.7% | 24.5% | ||||||||||||
CHR-P clinical high risk for psychosis.
All models used generalized linear mixed multivariate models with the following fixed effects (age, female sex, family history of mental illnesses, and area-level deprivation) and random effects (counties and sites).
Model A tested the associations between all fixed effects and right fusiform cortical thickness among CHR-P ethnoracial minorities (n = 164).
Model B tested the associations between all fixed effects and right insula cortical thickness among CHR-P ethnoracial minorities (n = 164).
Model C tested the associations between all fixed effects and right fusiform cortical thickness among healthy ethnoracial minorities (n = 80).
Model D tested the associations between all fixed effects and right insula cortical thickness among healthy ethnoracial minorities (n = 80).
All significant associations (p < 0.05) are shown in bold.