Table 1.

Characteristics of included patients.

Parameter	All	Non-sarcopenia	Sarcopenia	p
Height (cm)	158.91 ± 8.51	158.02 ± 8.26	159.82 ± 8.70	0.035*
Weight (kg)	59.00 ± 10.69	62.94 ± 9.97	54.97 ± 9.89	< 0.001***
BMI (kg/m2)	23.33 ± 3.59	25.14 ± 3.01	21.47 ± 3.17	< 0.001***
Fat percentage (%)	32.30 ± 6.92	33.98 ± 6.04	30.61 ± 7.35	< 0.001***
Male (N)	118 (39%)	42 (28%)	76 (50%)	< 0.001***
Age (year)	73.55 ± 7.66	70.78 ± 6.74	76.34 ± 7.54	< 0.001***
GH (ng/mL)	0.41 ± 0.65	0.35 ± 0.53	0.48 ± 0.75	0.0174*
Folate (nmol/L)	9.77 ± 4.61	10.16 ± 4.34	9.37 ± 4.84	0.023*
VitB12 (pmol/L)	316.36 ± 154.64	340.74 ± 155.20	291.83 ± 150.64	0.004**
creatine (umol/L)	66.87 ± 20.82	64.73 ± 20.34	69.03 ± 21.14	0.026*
RSMI (kg/m2)	5.86 ± 1.09	6.44 ± 0.99	5.28 ± 0.85	< 0.001***
Handgrip strength(kg)	20.43 ± 8.30	22.14 ± 9.19	18.72 ± 6.91	0.002**
6 m gait speed (m/s)	1.01 ± 0.42	1.07 ± 0.43	0.94 ± 0.41	0.013*
Hypertension (N)	179 (59%)	92 (61%)	87 (58%)	0.690
Diabetes (N)	78 (26%)	40 (26%)	38 (25%)	0.922
Osteoporosis (N)	167 (55%)	82 (54%)	85 (56%)	0.768
COPD (N)	57 (19%)	21 (14%)	36 (24%)	0.035*
AS (N)	146 (48%)	79 (52%)	67 (44%)	0.227
Chronic gastritis (N)	70 (23%)	36 (24%)	34 (23%)	0.917
Hospitalisation reason
Hypertension (N)	114 (38%)	54 (36%)	60 (40%)	0.450
Diabetes (N)	106 (35%)	51 (34%)	55 (36%)	0.600
Osteoporosis (N)	65 (21%)	32 (54%)	33 (56%)	0.865
COPD (N)	18 (6%)	6 (4%)	12 (8%)	0.141
Smoking status (N)
Never	233 (77%)	120 (79%)	113 (75%)	0.396
Ex-smoker	39 (13%)	17 (11%)	22 (15%)	0.379
Current	31 (10%)	15 (10%)	16 (11%)	0.835
Alcohol consumption (N)
Never	269 (89%)	135 (89%)	134 (89%)	0.984
Ex-alcoholic	15 (5%)	6 (4%)	9 (6%)	0.419
Current	19 (6%)	11 (7%)	8 (5%)	0.486

* represents p < 0.05; ** represents p < 0.01; *** represents p < 0.001