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. 2023 Oct 3;14:1275849. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275849

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Copyright © 2023 Fermon, Burel, Ostyn, Dréano, Bondon, Chevance and Pinel-Marie.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Timeline of toxic effects of SprG1₄₄ and SprG1₃₁ overexpression on Staphylococcus aureus. When overexpressed in S. aureus, SprG1₄₄ and SprG1₃₁ induce membrane depolarization associated with the formation of mesosome-like structures and growth inhibition within 20 min after overexpression. Then, a reduction in intracellular ATP level appears 25 min after peptides overexpression. Together, these events lead to membrane permeabilization and, finally, to lysis of the bacterial cell within 50 min after peptides overexpression.