Skip to main content
. 2023 Mar 15;10:e19. doi: 10.1017/gmh.2023.10

Table 2.

Overview of included studies

Citation Country Primary intervention Dimensions of involvement of different sectors in recovery Study type Data type
  1. Acebal et al. (2021)
 Brazil Psychosocial rehabilitation Community-based Residential Therapeutic Services (SRT) in conjunction with routine medical care Cross-sectional survey Quantitative
  1. Anish (2013)
 India Psychosocial rehabilitation Collaboration between healthcare and agriculture industries to promote recovery through vocational activities in diary and farming, and horticulture Programme evaluation Quantitative
  1. Arahanthabailu et al. (2022)
 India Assertive community treatment Manipal Assertive Community Treatment (M-ACT) teams liaise with community resources to facilitate vocational rehabilitation and access to welfare benefits Quasi-experimental Quantitative
  1. Arias et al. (2016)
 Ghana Prayer camps Collaboration between biomedical services and faith-based care delivered at prayer camps Exploratory qualitative study Qualitative
  1. Asher et al. (2015), Asher et al. (2022)
 Ethiopia Community-Based Rehabilitation Intervention for People with Schizophrenia Using community-based rehabilitation workers as principal deliverers of the intervention allows networking and integration with NGOs and traditional health practitioners RCT Quantitative and qualitative
  1. Brooke-Sumner et al. (2016)
 South Africa Intersectoral psychosocial rehabilitation Despite very little formal collaboration between government departments, singular examples emerged, for example, collaboration between social development and public works in placing people living with schizophrenia in an employment programme Exploratory qualitative study Qualitative
  1. Brooke-Sumner et al. (2018)
 South Africa Psychosocial rehabilitation (group-based, psychoeducation) Psychosocial rehabilitation programme delivered by auxiliary social workers via collaboration between the health and social development/welfare sectors Quasi-experimental Mixed methods
  1. Chatterjee et al. (2014)
 India Collaborative community-based care Collaborative package of community-based care facilitated linkages between service users and (1) user-led support structures, (2) community support agencies to address social issues and improve social inclusion and (3) community agencies that provide legal and employment services RCT Quantitative
  1. Chen et al. (2020)
 China Psychosocial rehabilitation (clubhouse model) The Clubhouse facilitates transitional employment and supported education programmes in collaboration with community partners RCT Quantitative
  1. de Menil et al. (2015)
 Kenya Mental Health and Development model Collaboration between the Ministry of Health, NGOs, the Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Services, and Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries, to provide a continuum of services including self-help groups and training in and support for livelihood and farming capacities Cost-effectiveness analysis Primary and secondary quantitative data
  1. Gamieldien et al. (2022)
 South Africa Perceptions on recovery NGOs provide multisectoral services to aid recovery efforts, including basic needs, transportation, life skills, vocational training and leisure and sport activities Exploratory qualitative study Qualitative
  1. Hall et al. (2019)
 Timor-Leste Intersectoral mental health service collaboration Referral linkages between government health facilities, police, local authorities, private clinics, social sector service providers, and customary healers, forming a network of services that include health care, disability support, victimisation support and residential support Case study Mixed methods
  1. İncedere and Yildiz (2019)
 Turkey Case Management for Individuals with Severe Mental Illness A case manager liaises with employment sector to identify suitable candidates to undertake an examination and be positioned for an appropriate job Quasi-experimental Quantitative
  1. Janse Van Rensburg et al. (2018)
 South Africa Service referrals between state and non-state actors Government clinics and hospitals refer service users to NGOs for residential support and welfare grant application assistance Case study Mixed methods
  1. Kallivayalil and Sudhakar (2018)
 India Low-cost community psychosocial rehabilitation model NGO has a candle-making unit where people living with severe mental illness can sell candles at nearby churches during holy days, while clothes manufacturing initiative linked service users up with retail outlets to sell clothes Quasi-experimental Survey
  1. Kohrt et al. (2015)
 Liberia Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model of Police–Mental Health Collaboration The Carter Center Mental Health Program (TCC-MHP) facilitated partnerships to advance mental health policy, legislation, and funding, which included engaging with the Liberia National Police to identify spaces for collaboration on crisis intervention Programme development description Narrative description
  1. Li and Ma (2021)
 China National comprehensive management pilot project for integrated care for people with severe mental disorders through strengthened cooperation among government organisations and between government and other relevant social organisations A quasi-governmental organisation establishes and coordinates community service organisations for people living with severe mental illness, with formal links between the ministries of health and social affairs. Through training and cooperation across a range of organisations and sectors, an integrated package of services is provided to be more responsive to individual needs Case study Qualitative interviews
  1. MacDougall et al. (2022)
 Kenya Community REcovery Achieved Through Entrepreneurship (CREATE) An initiative that integrates elements of psychosocial rehabilitation (PSR), community-based rehabilitation (CBR), and work integration social enterprise (WISE) Programme development description Qualitative
  1. Mascayano et al. (2019), (2022)
 Brazil and Chile Critical Time Intervention with Task-sharing (CTI-TS) Teams made up of auxiliary and peer workers supported service users following discharge from acute psychiatric hospitalisation, to facilitate linkages with a range of community-based support systems that included basic and specialist medical care, psychosocial rehabilitation, leisure and art-based activities and basic needs RCT Quantitative
  1. Molchanova (2014)
 Kyrgyz Republic Indigenous model of family rehabilitation The development of family-driven NGOs led to the provisioning of a range of psychosocial rehabilitation activities to people living with severe mental illness in community settings Desktop review Government documents
  1. Muhić et al. (2022)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Brief, multifamily group intervention for patients with schizophrenia and related disorders Multifamily groups mobilised mutual support for people living with severe mental illness in community settings RCT Survey and qualitative interviews
  1. Nxumalo Ngubane et al. (2019)
 Eswatini Psychiatric outpatient care People living with severe mental illness’ engagement in community-based projects such as community kitchens for orphaned and vulnerable children aided in recovery efforts Interpretive phenomenological analysis Qualitative interviews
  1. Padmakar et al. (2020)
 India The Banyan’s supported housing model The Banyan organisation developed a supported housing programme where people living with severe mental illness can live independently, with an emergency care and recovery unit located in close proximity Mixed methods Qualitative interviews, logbook notes, survey
  1. Pfizer and Kavitha (2018)
 India Interdisciplinary recovery model of psychosocial rehabilitation People living with severe mental illness were enrolled into a sheltered workshop, where their functionality, occupational skills and readiness were improved and evaluated, after which appropriate service users could be promoted to peer mentorship at a trial worksite, with the ultimate goal of securing competitive employment. The programme also included generating financial support for the building of houses on private owners’ properties, as well as linkages with Alcoholics Anonymous to address substance abuse challenges Desktop review Narrative description
  1. Raja et al. (2012)
 Nepal BasicNeeds model of Mental Health and Development Livelihood support was provided to people living with severe mental illness and their families through cash grants or supporting the setting up of businesses, as well as support for the setting up of self-help groups Case study Project data
  1. Rao et al. (2022)
 India SCARF Telepsychiatry in Pudukkottai (STEP) program A range of community-based psychosocial rehabilitation activities was provided in a rural area, including facilitating access to disability and welfare benefits, supporting job-seeking efforts and facilitating placement in partner businesses, and supporting the obtaining of loans from banks to help set up small businesses Desktop review Project data
  1. Rashed (2015)
 Egypt Qur’anic healing A duality of recovery care that consisted of psychiatric services delivered by medical doctors, and Qur’anic healing providing spiritual care Ethnography Participant observation
  1. Saha et al. (2020)
 India Non-governmental psychosocial rehabilitation centres NGO that provided support for livelihood activities, access to government grant schemes, as well as a range of psychosocial therapies with service users and their families Secondary data analysis Patient case records
  1. Soygür et al. (2017)
 Turkey Therapeutic community and supported-employment setting where people living with schizophrenia work Blue Horse Café provides a protective space where people living with schizophrenia can work, build skills and develop independence from medical institutionalisation, while still accessing medical care Phenomenological Qualitative interviews
  1. Subandi (2015)
 Indonesia Psychiatric outpatient care In addition to outpatient community-based medical care, people accessed “natural therapy” in the form of spiritual guidance from mosques alongside neighbours and friends, which also allowed for community integration, while others accessed services from both biomedical and traditional health practitioners Ethnography Participant observations
  1. Vijayan (2021)
 India Recovery Oriented Services (ROSeS) Community-based psychiatric rehabilitation programme aids in recovery efforts by acting as an intermediary between service users and organisations that facilitate work placements Case study Qualitative
  1. World Health Organization (2021)
 Brazil Centro de Atenção Psicosocial (CAPS) Drives recovery efforts by facilitating active citizenship, which includes helping service users to navigate government bureaucracies to obtain formal documentation and access benefits, and liaising with a range of community resources to support housing, employment and social life improvement Case study Narrative description
  1. World Health Organization (2021)
 China Phoenix Clubhouse Clubhouse collaborates with business partners to facilitate placement for paid employment in the local labour market for its members Case study Narrative description
  1. World Health Organization (2021)
 India Naya Daur Community Outreach A community outreach programme that refers people to temporary shelters, where they can access basic services such as hygiene materials, food, water and a place to sleep Case study Narrative description
  1. World Health Organization (2021)
 India Atmiyatab primary care community outreach service Mental health champions are instituted as intermediaries for people living with severe mental illness and their families to access disability certification, to access government benefits such as pensions, grants and disability benefits, as well as work schemes Case study Narrative description
  1. World Health Organization (2021)
 Georgia Hand in Hand supported living An organisation providing employment support by collaborating with community social enterprises and employers Case study Narrative description
  1. World Health Organization (2021)
 India Home Again housing and supportive services The Banyan organisation’s housing and supportive services initiative provides access to housing, establishing work placements, educational support, and linking with various community resources to promote recovery efforts Case study Narrative description