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. 2023 Oct 3;11:1245897. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1245897

TABLE 3.

Advantages/disadvantages of conductive polymers used for skeletal muscle regeneration.

Conductive polymer Advantages Disadvantages Citations
Polyaniline (PANi) Better differentiation of tissue when added to copolymers
Improved differentiation
More and longer myotubes in PANi-containing scaffolds
Slightly cytotoxic
No effect on cell adhesion and proliferation
Brittle
Green et al. (2008), Kim et al. (2009a), Liu et al. (2010), Guo and Ma (2018)
Polypyrrole Supports cell proliferation and differentiation
Increases conductivity of scaffold without decreasing metabolic activity of cells
Low strength
Brittle
Green et al. (2008), Guo and Ma (2018), Basurto et al. (2021), Bilge et al. (2021)
Polythiophene Easily modifiable
Soluble in organic solvents
Addition of polythiophene reduces
Young’s modulus
Low elasticity
Brittle
Green et al. (2008), Jaymand et al. (2016), Guo and Ma (2018), Massoumi et al. (2021)