Table 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses of the factors associated with risks for recurrence of MPE.
| Characteristics | Univariate analysis incidence of recurrence (P<0.1) |
Multivariate analysis incidence of recurrence (P<0.05) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | P | HR | 95% CI | P | ||
| Baseline information | |||||||
| Treatment-naïve | 0.628 | 0.445–0.886 | 0.008 | ||||
| Mutation | 0.544 | 0.388–0.764 | <0.001 | ||||
| Female | 0.939 | 0.673–1.310 | 0.710 | ||||
| Age | 1.576 | 1.121–2.214 | 0.009 | ||||
| Pleural effusion | |||||||
| The volume of drainage (≥1,000 mL) | 0.719 | 0.438–1.18 | 0.191 | ||||
| Depth displayed by B ultrasound (≥50 mm) | 1.501 | 0.359–6.278 | 0.578 | ||||
| Positive cytologic results | 1.228 | 0.677–2.227 | 0.498 | ||||
| Contralateral effusion | 1.378 | 0.871–2.179 | 0.170 | ||||
| Specific active treatment before the first thoracentesis | |||||||
| Chemotherapy | 2.120 | 1.255–3.579 | 0.005 | ||||
| Targeted therapy | 1.834 | 1.228–2.739 | 0.003 | ||||
| Radiotherapy | 1.923 | 0.848–4.365 | 0.118 | ||||
| Anti-angiogenesis therapy | 2.899 | 1.469–5.720 | 0.002 | ||||
| Immunotherapy | 0.276 | 0.039–1.975 | 0.200 | ||||
| Specific active treatment after the first thoracentesis | |||||||
| Chemotherapy | 1.307 | 0.934–1.829 | 0.118 | ||||
| Targeted therapy | 0.472 | 0.335–0.666 | <0.001 | 0.454 | 0.315–0.654 | <0.001 | |
| Indwelling pleural catheter | 1.133 | 0.777–1.652 | 0.516 | ||||
| Anti-angiogenesis therapy | 1.664 | 1.054–2.628 | 0.029 | ||||
| Immunotherapy | 1.331 | 0.622–2.849 | 0.462 | ||||
| Hematic biomarkers | |||||||
| WBC (≥6.03/L) | 1.281 | 0.901–1.821 | 0.167 | ||||
| NLR (≥2.645) | 1.566 | 1.087–2.256 | 0.016 | 1.612 | 1.070–2.427 | 0.022 | |
| Hb (≥114.5 g/L) | 1.016 | 0.663–1.556 | 0.941 | ||||
| PLT (≥238.5/L) | 1.087 | 0.779–1.517 | 0.622 | ||||
| CRP (≥1.35 mg/L) | 1.904 | 1.183–3.066 | 0.008 | ||||
| Glucose (≥6.75 mmol/L) | 1.448 | 0.925–2.266 | 0.106 | ||||
| A/G (≥1.28) | 1.115 | 0.795–1.565 | 0.528 | ||||
| s-LDH (≥223.5 U/L) | 1.791 | 1.281–2.506 | 0.001 | 1.624 | 1.126–2.342 | 0.009 | |
| s-CEA (≥21.1 μg/L) | 1.565 | 1.120–2.185 | 0.009 | 1.883 | 1.314–2.698 | 0.001 | |
| Pleural biomarkers | |||||||
| p-LDH (≥358 U/L) | 1.498 | 1.051–2.134 | 0.025 | ||||
| p-protein (≥53.95 g/L) | 1.200 | 0.738–1.950 | 0.462 | ||||
| p-Glucose (≥6.25 mmol/L) | 1.165 | 0.824–1.647 | 0.388 | ||||
| p-CEA (≥143.05 μg/L) | 1.261 | 0.880–1.806 | 0.206 | ||||
MPE, malignant pleural effusion; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; WBC, white blood cells; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; CRP, C-reaction protein; glucose, serum glucose; A/G, serum albumin/globulin ratio; s-LDH, serum lactate dehydrogenase; s-CEA, serum carcinoembryonic antigen; p-LDH, pleural lactate dehydrogenase; p-Glucose, pleural glucose; p-CEA, pleural carcinoembryonic antigen.