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Mechanism of action of IL-17 within articular cartilage and synovium in OA. (1) IL-17 reduces autophagy through activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways; (2) IL-17 promotes chondrocyte senescence in OA, and senescent chondrocytes induce differentiation of naive T cells to Th17 cells in a vicious cycle; and (3) IL-17 promotes synovial inflammation.
