Table 2.

BSFI outcomes (sexual function domains, total BSFI score, and sexual satisfaction) among male COVID-19 survivors and NORM in China from February 4, 2023 to March 15, 2023, overall and age-stratified.

		Sexual drive	Erectile function	Ejaculatory function	Problem assessment	Total BSFI score (overall sexual functioning)	Sexual satisfaction
Total sample
	NORM (n = 198)	2.56(0.72)	2.96(0.72)	3.40(0.78)	3.04(1.07)	29.95(6.6)	2.97(0.93)
	COVID-19 survivors (n = 1,052)	2.28(0.81)	2.81(0.79)	3.22(0.85)	2.63(1.16)	27.33(7.99)	2.62(1.14)
	p valuea	<0.001	0.012	0.0051	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
	SMDb	−0.40	−0.21	−0.23	−0.38	−0.40	−0.38
18–29 years
	NORM (n = 99)	2.61(0.78)	3.02(0.67)	3.49(0.72)	3.26(0.99)	31.06(5.7)	3.03(1)
	COVID-19 survivors (n = 417)	2.45(0.76)	2.96(0.66)	3.46(0.7)	2.97(1.05)	29.61(6.56)	2.86(1.02)
	p valuea	0.0647	0.4035	0.6841	0.012	0.0439	0.1329
	SMDb	−0.20	−0.09	−0.04	−0.30	−0.25	−0.17
30–39 years
	NORM (n = 41)	2.70(0.55)	3.07(0.73)	3.39(0.84)	2.89(1.14)	30.07(6.91)	3.00(0.89)
	COVID-19 survivors (n = 271)	2.31(0.81)	2.93(0.79)	3.25(0.79)	2.77(1.06)	28.20(7.56)	2.68(1.09)
	p valuea	0.0038	0.2609	0.2774	0.489	0.1368	0.0744
	SMDb	−0.70	−0.20	−0.17	−0.11	−0.27	−0.36
40–49 years
	NORM (n = 24)	2.54(0.83)	3.11(0.56)	3.46(0.87)	3.24(0.95)	31.04(7.07)	3.08(0.72)
	COVID-19 survivors (n = 240)	2.11(0.82)	2.61(0.86)	2.99(0.88)	2.19(1.2)	24.59(8.59)	2.31(1.27)
	p valuea	0.0139	0.0054	0.0133	<0.001	0.0004	0.0036
	SMDb	−0.52	−0.89	−0.54	−1.11	−0.91	−1.08
>50 years
	NORM (n = 34)	2.28(0.61)	2.56(0.82)	3.09(0.74)	2.46(1.09)	25.79(6.95)	2.71(0.87)
	COVID-19 survivors (n = 124)	1.93(0.77)	2.47(0.86)	2.77(1.06)	2.08(1.13)	23.02(8.83)	2.28(1.14)
	p valuea	0.0154	0.5712	0.0976	0.0788	0.092	0.0469
	SMDb	−0.58	−0.11	−0.43	−0.35	−0.40	−0.49

Range score possible: sexual drive 0–4, erectile function 0–4, ejaculatory function 0–4, problem assessment 0–4, total BSFI score 0–40, sexual satisfaction 0–4.

Bold type indicating statistical significance (p value < 0.05) or moderate clinical significance (effect size ≥ 0.50).

Data are presented as mean (SD) unless otherwise specified.

BSFI Brief Sexual Function Inventory, NORM normative data, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, SMD standardized mean difference.

^aSelect independent sample t-test or variance analysis according to data type.

^bEquation: SMD =$\frac{{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{s}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{v}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{v}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}}-{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{M}}}{{\mathrm{S}\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{M}}}$.