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. 2023 Oct 3;14:1277532. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277532

Table 6.

Gender and stage differences.

Boys Girls F p eTa Primary Education Secondary Education Non-compulsory Education F p eTa
M SD M SD M SD M SD M SD
Intrinsic motivation 3.88 0.98 3.91 1.02 0.264 0.609 0.000 4.31 0.81 3.70 1.02 3.49 1.13 36.270 0.000** 0.088
Identified motivation 3.61 1.02 3.69 1.06 1.443 0.248 0.002 4.07 0.86 3.47 1.05 3.10 1.07 36.775 0.000** 0.089
Introjected regulation 3.10 1.00 3.00 1.04 1.953 0.172 0.002 3.38 0.97 2.89 1.01 2.78 1.03 21.019 0.000** 0.053
External regulation 2.90 1.05 2.85 1.14 0.569 0.492 0.001 3.14 1.14 2.74 1.06 2.71 1.01 11.666 0.000** 0.030
Amotivation 1.65 0.85 1.62 0.80 0.282 0.519 0.001 1.63 0.84 1.63 0.81 1.70 0.81 0.120 0.888 0.000
MIFA 4.02 0.87 3.98 0.93 0.349 0.512 0.000 4.21 0.77 3.90 0.93 3.77 1.08 10.733 0.000** 0.035
Autonomy 3.08 1.01 3.15 1.04 0.920 0.372 0.001 3.44 0.93 2.96 1.04 2.90 0.93 19.431 0.000** 0.049
Competence 3.74 0.93 3.67 0.97 0.797 0.920 0.001 4.00 0.87 3.58 0.95 3.26 1.05 21.901 0.000** 0.055
Relatedness 3.84 1.02 3.84 1.03 0.002 0.962 0.000 4.22 0.84 3.67 1.05 3.42 1.14 28.834 0.000** 0.071
Autonomy_Support 3.61 0.96 3.71 0.95 2.009 0.138 0.003 3.90 0.75 3.56 1.02 3.32 1.05 13.414 0.000** 0.035
Social_Responsibility 4.91 1.01 5.01 0.96 1.912 0.167 0.003 5.26 0.84 4.79 1.00 4.98 1.20 18.884 0.000** 0.048
Personal_Responsibility 4.98 0.97 5.06 0.95 1.173 0.279 0.002 5.33 0.70 4.87 1.03 4.85 1.06 20.751 0.000** 0.053

M de box = 66.766, f = 0.867, p = 0.793.793.

Pillai trace = 0.022, f (1.388), p = 0.166.

M, Mean; SD, Standard deviation; MIFA, Physical activity intention eTa, size effect; F, f-test from Multivariate analysis (MANOVA), *** p < 0.001.